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Paul M. Connolly · Armchair FedWatcher · Kaleb Nygaard

← Upcoming meeting

Paul M. Connolly

1994–2010

First Vice President

Meetings at the table

0

Meetings in the room

15

1995–2009

Geography

First Vice President at Boston (1) · where the Board comes from

In their time

Meetings by Chair

Policy rate

3% → 0–0.25%

−288 bp · Jan 1994 – Dec 2010

In the room

First Vice President, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston14 meetingsJul 5–6, 1995 – Sep 22–23, 2009
First Vice Presidents, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston1 meetingDec 16, 1997

Seats held

First Vice PresidentBoston1994–2010

Served alongside (569)

Chairs · 4

Alan Greenspan1994–2006
Ben S. Bernanke2002–2010
Janet L. Yellen1994–2010
Kevin M. Warsh2006–2010

Governors · 19

Alan S. Blinder1994–1996
Alice M. Rivlin1996–1999
Daniel K. Tarullo2009–2010
David W. Mullins, Jr.1994–1994
Donald L. Kohn

Rate moves

2 hikes · 3 cuts

10 holds at their meetings

Dissents witnessed

5

at 5 of 15 meetings

Unanimous

67%

10 of 15 meetings

Recessions

2

2001 · 2007–09

US presidents

3

Clinton · G.W. Bush · Obama

1994–2010

Edward M. Gramlich1997–2005

Edward W. Kelley Jr.1994–2001

Elizabeth A. Duke1998–2010

Frederic S. Mishkin2006–2008

John P. Laware1994–1995

Laurence H. Meyer1996–2002

Lawrence B. Lindsey1994–1997

Mark W. Olson2001–2006

Randall S. Kroszner2006–2009

Roger W. Ferguson Jr.1997–2006

Sarah B. Raskin2010–2010

Susan M. Phillips1994–1998

Susan S. Bies2001–2007

Wayne D. Angell1994–1994

Reserve Bank presidents · 30

Anthony M. Santomero2000–2006
Cathy E. Minehan1994–2007
Charles I. Plosser2006–2010
Charles L. Evans2007–2010
Dennis P. Lockhart2007–2010
Edward G. Boehne1994–2000
Eric S. Rosengren2007–2010
Esther L. George2009–2010
Gary H. Stern1994–2009
J. Alfred Broaddus Jr.1994–2004
Jack Guynn1994–2006
James Bullard2008–2010
Jeffrey M. Lacker2004–2010
Jerry L Jordan1994–2003
Michael H. Moskow1994–2007
Narayana Kocherlakota2009–2010
Richard F. Syron1994–1994
Richard W. Fisher2005–2010
Robert D. Mcteer Jr.1994–2004
Robert P. Forrestal1994–1995
Robert T. Parry1994–2004
Sandra Pianalto1994–2010
Silas Keehn1994–1994
Thomas C. Melzer1994–1998
Thomas I. Barkin2009–2010
Thomas M. Hoenig1994–2010
Timothy F. Geithner2003–2009
William C. Dudley2009–2010
William J. Mcdonough1994–2003
William Poole1998–2008

Staff · 56

David J. Stockton2000–2010
J. Virgil Mattingly, Jr.1994–2003
Barry R. Snyder1998–2006
Brent L. Bowen1994–1997
Brian F. Madigan2007–2009
Christine M. Cumming2004–2010
Clyde H. Farnsworth, Jr.1994–1998
Colleen K. Strand1994–1999
D. Nathan Sheets2007–2010
Dale Roskom2010–2010
David A. Sapenaro2006–2010
David L. Shannon1994–1997
Dolores S. Smith1998–2003
Edwin M. Truman1994–1997
Elizabeth A. Coleman2007–2010
Ernest T. Patrikis1995–1997
Gordon R. G. Werkema2001–2010
Griffith L. Garwood1994–1997
H. Fay Peters2003–2010
Helen E. Holcomb1996–2010
J. Nellie Liang2010–2010
James H. Oltman1994–1994
James M. Lyon2000–2010
James R. Bowen1994–1995
Jamie B. Stewart, Jr.1999–2003
Jennifer J. Johnson1998–2010
Jimmie R. Monhollon1994–1994
John F. Moore1996–2010
Karen H. Johnson1998–2006
Louise L. Roseman1999–2010
Marianne M. Emerson2002–2006
Maureen T. Hannan2007–2010
Michael J. Prell1994–1999
Patrick K. Barron1994–2010
Patrick M. Parkinson2009–2010
Richard C. Stevens1999–2001
Richard K. Rasdall, Jr.1994–2008
Richard Spillenkothen1994–2005
Robert Christy Moore2003–2008
Robert E. Frazier1994–2000
Roger T. Cole2006–2008
S. David Frost1994–1998
Sandra F. Braunstein2004–2010
Sarah G. Green2006–2010
Scott G. Alvarez2004–2010
Stephen J. Clark1999–2000
Stephen R. Malphrus1994–2010
Tony J. Salvaggio1994–1995
Vincent R. Reinhart2001–2006
W. Legrande Rives1996–2005
Walter A. Varvel1995–2005
William B. English2010–2010
William C. Conrad1994–2000
William H. Stone, Jr.1994–2010
William R. Jones2001–2002
William W. Wiles1994–1997

Reserve Bank directors · 460

A. Charlene Sullivan1994–1996
A. Drue Jennings1995–1997
A. Rogers Yarnell II2004–2009
A. William Reynolds1994–1996
Aaron L. Groff, Jr.2007–2010
Alan R. Tubbs1999–2004
Albert B. Murry1996–1998
Albert J. Simone2000–2002
Alfred C. Leist1994–1996
Alfred M. Rankin, Jr.2006–2010
Andre M. Rubenstein1994–1996
Ann D. Murtlow2007–2010
Ann M. Fudge1996–2002
Anthony K. Anderson2008–2009
Anthony R. Chase2004–2007
Arnold C. Schultz1994–1998
Arnold T. Grisham2008–2010
Arthur C. Martinez1996–2001
Barbara L. Wilson2001–2006
Barry J. Fitzpatrick2003–2005
Bert Greenwalt1999–2004
Bick Weissenrieder2003–2008
Blake Willard Nordstrom2007–2010
Blenda J. Wilson2002–2006
Bradly W. Small2001–2004
Bruce A. Schriefer1998–2003
Bruce Parker1998–2000
Burton A. Dole, Jr.1994–1994
C. Daniel DeLawder2007–2010
Candace Hunter Wiest2003–2008
Carl J. Schmitt1994–1995
Carl L. Campbell1994–1995
Carol B. Tome2007–2010
Catherine D'Amato2010–2010
Cece Smith1994–1997
Charisse R. Lillie1996–2002
Charles A. Heimbold, Jr.1999–2000
Charles E. Bunch2003–2006
Charles E. Weller1994–1995
Charles H. Smith2006–2006
Charles I. Moyer1994–1994
Charles P. Pizzi2006–2010
Charles V. Wait2003–2010
Charles W. Mueller1999–2004
Charles W. Nichols1994–1999
Charlotte W. Martin2009–2010
Cheryl L. Krueger-Horn1998–2003
Clarence D. Mortenson1994–1996
Clarence Otis, Jr.2010–2010
Claudine B. Malone1994–1999
Colleen D. Hernandez1994–1999
Connie E. Evans2000–2005
Craig A. Ruppert1996–2001
Cynthia A. Parker1994–1998
Cynthia J. Brinkley2006–2007
D. Greg Heineman2001–2006
D. Paul Jones, Jr.1994–2000
D. Scott Davis2004–2009
Dale J. Emmel1996–1998
Dan Duane Angel1997–1999
Dan L. Dillingham2003–2008
Dan M. Fisher2001–2003
Dana S. Boole2006–2010
Daniel E. Sweat, Jr.1994–1996
Dann H. Bowman2009–2010
David A. Daberko1996–1998
David A. Hamburg1994–1994
David A. Koch1994–1999
David A. Lentini2007–2010
David A. Page1994–1994
David B. Lee1997–1999
David H. Hoag1997–2002
David K.Y. Tang2003–2008
David L. Nichols1997–2002
David M. Ratcliffe2002–2006
David R. Jones1996–1998
David R. Pirsein2005–2009
David S. Barnard2002–2007
David S. Dahlmann1995–2000
David S. Outhouse2001–2003
David W. Brownback2010–2010
David W. Fox1994–1996
David W. Huggins1994–1995
Deborah M. Fretz2010–2010
Denis M. Hughes2004–2010
Dennis E. Barrett1997–2002
Dennis J. Kuester2007–2008
Dennis W. DiLazzero1995–1997
Dennis W. Johnson1994–1998
Donald J. Kennedy1994–1997
Donald J. Schneider1994–1998
Doris M. Damm2001–2007
Dorothy J. Bridges2008–2008
Douglas C. Morrison2004–2006
Douglas E. Olesen1994–1994
Douglas M. Lester1994–1998
Douglas W. Shorenstein2007–2010
Duane E. Dingmann1994–1994
Duane L. Burnham1994–1994
Dudley K. Montgomery1996–2001
Dwight V. Neese2007–2009
E. Kay Stepp1994–1995
E. Lynn Caswell1997–2002
Eddie Canterbury2002–2004
Edward B. Brandon1994–1995
Edward Dugger, III1995–2000
Edward H. Ladd1994–1994
Edwin J. Rigaud2006–2006
Edwin N. Clift1998–2000
Egbert L. J. Perry2002–2008
Ernest J. Sewell2004–2006
Eugene M. Phillips1994–1996
Eugene R. McGrath1995–2000
Eugene W. Rogers2004–2006
Frank A. Potenziani1996–2001
Frank J. Yaklich, Jr.1994–1994
Frank Kaminski, Jr.2000–2001
Frank L. Sims2003–2007
Frank Moore2002–2006
Fred L. Green, III2000–2002
Frederick C. Peters II2009–2010
Frederick H. Waddell2009–2010
Frederick J. Mancheski1997–1997
G. Kenneth Perine1996–1999
G. Watts Humphrey, Jr.1994–1999
Garry L. Maddox2003–2009
Gary G. Michael1994–2000
Gayle Maltby Earls1994–1999
Gayle P.W. Jackson2000–2005
George A. Didden, III1996–1998
George F. Jones, Jr.2009–2010
George M. Scalise2000–2005
George W. Hamlin, IV1997–2002
Gerald A. Rauenhorst1994–1995
Gerald M. Levin2001–2002
Gerry Boyd Cameron1995–1997
Glenn A. Schaeffer1998–2003
Gregory M. Duckett2008–2010
H. Bernard Lynch1994–1994
Hans Helmerich1997–2003
Harry Elwell, III1998–2000
Harry M. Lightsey, III2005–2007
Henri A. Termeer2007–2010
Henry Bartell Zachry, Jr.1999–2002
Henry G. River, Jr.1994–1994
Henry J. Faison1994–1995
Henry L. Meyer, III2005–2007
Herbert D. Kelleher2007–2010
Herbert L. Washington1994–1995
Herman Cain1994–1995
Howard A. Dahl2009–2010
Howard E. Cosgrove1996–2001
Howard L. McMillan, Jr.1997–1999
Hugh M. Brown1994–1997
Hunter R. Hollar2006–2008
I.N. Rendall Harper, Jr.1994–1998
Indra K. Nooyi2006–2008
Ira Stepanian1994–1994
Irl F. Engelhardt2005–2008
Irwin Zazulia1999–2002
J. Carter Bacot1995–1997
J. Richard Jones1994–1999
J. Stephen Barger2003–2004
J. Thomas Holton1994–1995
J. Thomas May2006–2010
J. Walter McDowell1997–1999
J. William Johnson1994–1996
J.B. Cooper, Jr.1994–1996
Jack B. Evans1998–2003
Jack McNally2001–2007
James A. Espeland2009–2010
James A. Hagen1994–1994
James A. Martin1994–1999
James Arthur Vohs1994–1996
James B. Williams1994–1996
James Byron Bexley2006–2010
James C. Smith2008–2010
James Dimon2007–2010
James E. Haden1998–2003
James E. Nevels2010–2010
James E. Rohr2008–2010
James F. Beall2002–2007
James H. Keyes1999–2004
James H. McKillop, III2008–2008
James J. Howard1996–2001
James J. Hynes2004–2009
James J. Norton1998–2003
James M. Culberson, Jr.1999–2001
James M. Mead1994–1995
James M. Wells, III2008–2010
James R. Wood2004–2005
James S. Tisch2009–2010
James T. Hackett2006–2010
Jane C. Walsh1995–1997
Jay F. Hoeschler1999–2004
Jay Fitzsimmons2006–2006
Jay T. Harris2003–2003
Jean D. Kinsey1994–1997
Jeff Plagge2005–2007
Jeffrey A. Joerres2010–2010
Jeffrey B. Kindler2009–2010
Jeffrey L. Gerhart1999–2004
Jeffrey R. Immelt2006–2010
Jeremiah J. Sheehan1997–2002
Jeremy Nowak2008–2010
Jerome H. Grossman1994–1996
Jerry B. Melby1994–1996
Jerry I. Speyer2001–2007
Jill M. Considine2002–2007
Jo Marie Dancik1995–2001
Joan Carter1994–2000
Joan T. Bok1994–1995
Joe Edens2002–2004
Joe Kim King2008–2010
John A. Canning, Jr.2004–2009
John A. Ikard2009–2010
John C. Gerlach2006–2008
John C. Whitehead1995–1999
John Dane III2000–2003
John E. Flynn1994–1996
John Edward Sexton2003–2006
John F. Fish2010–2010
John F. McDonnell1994–1998
John F. Wieland1997–2002
John H. Hoeven, Jr.2005–2007
John R. Cochran1999–2001
John T. Stout, Jr.2010–2010
John V. Rindlaub1998–2000
John W. Marvin2006–2010
Joseph E. Gliessner, Jr.1997–2002
Juanita P. Baranco1997–2001
Judith Manville Runstad1994–1997
Judy Ley Allen1999–2006
Julie Spicer England1997–2003
Karla S. Chambers2005–2010
Kathleen C. Marcum2006–2008
Kathleen Walsh Carr2005–2007
Kathryn A. Ogren1995–2000
Kathryn G. Underwood2009–2010
Kathryn S. Wylde2009–2010
Kay Clevidence2002–2004
Keith S. Campbell2008–2010
Kelly S. King2009–2010
Kenneth P. Wilcox2006–2010
Kenneth R. Shoemaker2003–2005
Kenneth R. Sparks2004–2009
Kenneth T. Murphy2000–2002
Kevin K. Nunnink2004–2008
Kirk A. McLaughlin1995–2000
Kirk A. Sykes2008–2010
Kirk P. Pond2004–2006
Krestine M. Corbin1995–2000
L. Newton Thomas, Jr.1994–1997
L. Phillip Humann2006–2007
Larry W. Kinderman1996–1996
Lawrence K. Fish2002–2004
Lawrence W. Menefee1994–1996
Lee Carroll Bollinger2007–2010
Lee M. Thomas2005–2010
Lemuel E. Lewis2005–2010
Leo Benatar1994–1995
Les C. Vinney2005–2010
Lester H. McKeever, Jr.1995–2000
Lewis F. Mallory, Jr.2002–2007
Linda D. Rabbitt2009–2010
Linda Hall Whitman2000–2005
Lisa M. Lynch2004–2009
Loretta E. Lynch2003–2005
Lu M. Cordova2005–2010
Lunsford W. Bridges2000–2005
Lynn M. Hoghaug1997–1999
Malcolm Gillis2000–2005
Margaret E. McDermid2007–2010
Margaret H. Jordan2007–2010
Maria Camila Leiva1995–2001
Mark C. Hewitt2008–2010
Mark Gordon2009–2010
Mark T. Gaffney2004–2009
Mark W. Schifferdecker2004–2009
Marshall N. Carter1995–1998
Marta Tienda2003–2005
Mary K. Brainerd2008–2010
Matthew T. Doyle2001–2006
Maurice R. Greenberg1994–1995
Michael A. Alexander1995–2000
Michael F. Camardo2007–2010
Michael J. O'Meara2009–2010
Michael L. Kubacki2004–2009
Michael T. Wedge2006–2010
Michele Tolela Myers1995–1997
Migdalia Rivera1997–1999
Miles D. White2002–2007
Milton Carroll1994–1996
Mindy C. Meads2005–2005
Myron E. Ullman, III2008–2010
Nelson C. Rising1998–2002
Orit Gadiesh2000–2005
P. Coleman Townsend, Jr.2002–2007
Patricia E. Yarrington2009–2010
Patricia M. Patterson2000–2005
Patrick C. Graney, III2008–2010
Paul A. DelaCourt1994–1996
Paul DeBruce2008–2010
Paul M. Ferguson2000–2000
Paul T. Combs2005–2010
Paula Lovell1998–2003
Paula Marshall-Chapman2000–2002
Pete Cook2007–2010
Peter A. Blyberg2004–2006
Peter G. Peterson1996–2003
Peter J. Haddeland2006–2008
Peyton Yates1994–1995
Philip L. McLaughlin1995–1997
Phillip R. Cox2000–2005
Randall J. Hogan2010–2010
Randy Peterson2003–2008
Ray L. Hunt1998–2006
Renee Lewis Glover2009–2010
Rhonda Holman2000–2003
Richard C. Hartnack2001–2004
Richard C. White2001–2003
Richard E. Bell1994–1998
Richard G. Cline1994–1995
Richard G. Hickson2000–2005
Richard H. Anderson2010–2010
Richard H. Bard2002–2005
Richard J. Morgan2010–2010
Richard K. Ratcliffe2009–2010
Richard K. Smucker2010–2010
Richard L. Carrion1999–2010
Richard L. Mount1994–1996
Richard L. Westra2010–2010
Richard S. Fuld, Jr.2005–2007
Richard W. Decker, Jr.2002–2007
Richard W. Evans, Jr.2003–2008
Rick L. Smalley2003–2008
Rob L. Wheeler1997–2002
Robert A. Estrada2005–2010
Robert A. Funk2003–2007
Robert C. Fricke2005–2010
Robert C. McNair1996–1998
Robert D. Burris1995–2000
Robert Dickson2003–2005
Robert E. Allen1994–1994
Robert E. Atkinson, Jr.1994–1995
Robert E. Chappell2000–2005
Robert G. Jones2008–2010
Robert G. Wilmers1994–1998
Robert H. Gilliam, Jr.2008–2010
Robert H. Quenon1994–1995
Robert J. Darnall1997–2003
Robert J. Vanderslice2001–2003
Robert K. Kraft2003–2009
Robert L. Johnson1998–2003
Robert L. Strickland1996–1998
Robert M Freeman1994–1996
Robert M. Healey1994–1996
Robert M. Silva1994–1994
Robert R. Glauber1996–2001
Robert R. Yohanan1998–2003
Robert S. Attiyeh1997–2002
Robert W. Mahoney2000–2005
Robert Y. Farrington1994–1999
Roger N. Berglund2000–2002
Roger R. Hemminghaus1994–2000
Ronald E. Logue2005–2007
Ronald J. Naples2001–2005
Ronald N. Zwieg1998–2003
Ronay Menschel1998–2004
Roy W. Haley2007–2010
Rudy E. Schupp2007–2010
Rufus A. Fulton, Jr.1999–2001
Samuel O. Thier2002–2007
Samuel P. Baird1995–1997
Sandra B. Sanderson-Chesnut1994–1997
Sandra Feldman1994–1995
Sanford J. Weill2001–2006
Sharon D. Fiehler2009–2010
Sheila D. Harris1999–2004
Sherwin Greenblatt2001–2003
Sonja Yates Hubbard2010–2010
Stanley T. Skinner1996–1998
Stefan S. Anderson1994–1997
Stephen Brobeck1994–1996
Stephen Friedman2008–2008
Stephen J. Goodenow2010–2010
Stephen L. Brown1994–1998
Stephen P. Wilson2001–2006
Steven H. Lipstein2007–2010
Stuart H. Reese2007–2009
Susan S. Elliot1996–2000
Susan Tomasky2009–2010
Susanne V. Boxer1994–1995
Suzanne E. Boas1998–2004
T. Anthony Humphries2009–2010
T. Joseph Semrod2000–2001
Tanny B. Crane2003–2009
Ted T. Cecala2008–2009
Teri G. Fontenot2004–2009
Terrence Murray1999–2001
Terrence P. Dunn1998–2002
Terry K. Dunkle1994–1996
Terry L. Moore2006–2010
Terry Mazany2010–2010
Theresa M. Stone2003–2006
Thomas C. Dorr1994–1997
Thomas G. Labrecque1994–1994
Thomas Gary Rogers2005–2010
Thomas H. Jacobsen1999–2001
Thomas J. Mackell, Jr.2003–2008
Thomas J. Wilson2008–2010
Thomas M. Nies1994–1996
Thomas W. Jones1996–1997
Thomas W. Scott2007–2009
Tilmon F. Brown2009–2010
Tiney M. McComb1997–2002
Todd L. Johnson2005–2010
V. Ann Hailey2004–2008
V. Larkin Martin2003–2008
Valerie B. Jarrett2006–2006
Veo Peoples, Jr.1994–1999
Verne G. Istock1997–2000
Victoria B. Jackson1994–1994
W. Henry Harmon2000–2005
W. James Farrell2001–2006
W.D. Glover1994–1999
W.H. Swain1994–1995
Walter E. Daller, Jr.2002–2004
Walter L. Metcalfe, Jr.2001–2006
Walter V. Shipley, II1998–2000
Ward M. Klein2008–2010
Warren Bruce Rudman1994–1994
Warren K.K. Luke1996–2001
Warren R. Lee1994–1996
Waymon L. Hickman1996–2001
Wayne R. Embry1999–2004
Wayne R. Weidner2005–2007
Wayne W. Allen1994–1995
Webb C. Hayes, IV1994–1994
Wesley S. Williams, Jr.1997–2004
Wilbur E. Johnson2010–2010
Willard William LaJoie1999–2001
William A. Osborn2001–2006
William C. Brainard1995–2001
William C. Foote2007–2010
William C. Steere, Jr.1994–1996
William D. Jones2008–2010
William D. Nordhaus2010–2010
William E. Chappell2010–2010
William E.B. Siart1994–1994
William F. Hecht2004–2009
William G. Smith, Jr.2001–2006
William J. Shorma2007–2010
William L. McQuillan1994–1998
William L. Tooley1994–1994
William Osgood Taylor1997–2002
William S. Pickerign1995–1997
William T. McConnell1994–1994
William W. Duncan, Jr.2001–2003
William W. Strausburg1994–1994