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Anthony M. Santomero · Armchair FedWatcher · Kaleb Nygaard

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Federal Reserve History

Anthony M. Santomero

2000–2006

Reserve Bank PresidentFederal Reserve History

Born

1946

Meetings at the table

53

53/55 (2 absent)

Geography

president at Philadelphia (3) · where the Board comes from

In their time

Meetings by Chair

Policy rate

6.5% → 4.75%

−175 bp · Jul 2000 – Mar 2006

Seats held

Reserve Bank PresidentPhiladelphia2000–2006
Jul 10, 2000 – Mar 31, 2006

Before the Fed

Professor · University of Pennsylvania

Education

Bachelor's, Economics — Fordham College (1968)
PhD, Economics — Brown University (1971)

Terminal: PhD · economics

Served alongside (301)

Chairs · 4

Alan Greenspan2000–2006
Ben S. Bernanke2002–2006
Janet L. Yellen2004–2006
Kevin M. Warsh2006–2006

Governors · 9

Donald L. Kohn2000–2006
Edward M. Gramlich2000–2005
Edward W. Kelley Jr.2000–2001
Elizabeth A. Duke2000–2000
Laurence H. Meyer

Rate moves

15 hikes · 13 cuts

21 holds at their meetings

Dissents witnessed

7

at 6 of 46 meetings

Unanimous

87%

40 of 46 meetings

Recessions

1

2001

US presidents

2

Clinton · G.W. Bush

2000–2002

Mark W. Olson2001–2006

Randall S. Kroszner2006–2006

Roger W. Ferguson Jr.2000–2006

Susan S. Bies2001–2006

Reserve Bank presidents · 15

Cathy E. Minehan2000–2006
Gary H. Stern2000–2006
J. Alfred Broaddus Jr.2000–2004
Jack Guynn2000–2006
Jeffrey M. Lacker2004–2006
Jerry L Jordan2000–2003
Michael H. Moskow2000–2006
Richard W. Fisher2005–2006
Robert D. Mcteer Jr.2000–2004
Robert T. Parry2000–2004
Sandra Pianalto2000–2006
Thomas M. Hoenig2000–2006
Timothy F. Geithner2003–2006
William J. Mcdonough2000–2003
William Poole2000–2006

Staff · 36

Vincent R. Reinhart2001–2006
David J. Stockton2000–2006
J. Virgil Mattingly, Jr.2000–2003
Christine M. Cumming2004–2006
Jennifer J. Johnson2000–2006
Jamie B. Stewart, Jr.2000–2003
Scott G. Alvarez2004–2006
Brian F. Madigan2005–2006
Barry R. Snyder2000–2006
David A. Sapenaro2006–2006
Dolores S. Smith2000–2003
Gordon R. G. Werkema2001–2006
H. Fay Peters2003–2006
Helen E. Holcomb2000–2006
James M. Lyon2000–2006
John F. Moore2000–2006
Karen H. Johnson2000–2006
Louise L. Roseman2000–2006
Marianne M. Emerson2002–2006
Patrick K. Barron2000–2006
Paul M. Connolly2000–2006
Richard C. Stevens2000–2001
Richard K. Rasdall, Jr.2000–2006
Richard Spillenkothen2000–2005
Robert Christy Moore2003–2006
Robert E. Frazier2000–2000
Roger T. Cole2006–2006
Sandra F. Braunstein2004–2006
Sarah G. Green2006–2006
Stephen J. Clark2000–2000
Stephen R. Malphrus2000–2006
W. Legrande Rives2000–2005
Walter A. Varvel2000–2005
William C. Conrad2000–2000
William H. Stone, Jr.2000–2006
William R. Jones2001–2002

Reserve Bank directors · 237

James J. Howard2000–2001
William G. Smith, Jr.2001–2006
Kenneth P. Wilcox2006–2006
Jack B. Evans2000–2003
Bradly W. Small2001–2004
A. Rogers Yarnell II2004–2006
Alan R. Tubbs2000–2004
Albert J. Simone2000–2002
Alfred M. Rankin, Jr.2006–2006
Ann M. Fudge2000–2002
Anthony R. Chase2004–2006
Arthur C. Martinez2000–2001
Barbara L. Wilson2001–2006
Barry J. Fitzpatrick2003–2005
Bert Greenwalt2000–2004
Bick Weissenrieder2003–2006
Blenda J. Wilson2002–2006
Bruce A. Schriefer2000–2003
Bruce Parker2000–2000
Candace Hunter Wiest2003–2006
Charisse R. Lillie2000–2002
Charles A. Heimbold, Jr.2000–2000
Charles E. Bunch2003–2006
Charles H. Smith2006–2006
Charles P. Pizzi2006–2006
Charles V. Wait2003–2006
Charles W. Mueller2000–2004
Cheryl L. Krueger-Horn2000–2003
Connie E. Evans2000–2005
Craig A. Ruppert2000–2001
Cynthia J. Brinkley2006–2006
D. Greg Heineman2001–2006
D. Paul Jones, Jr.2000–2000
D. Scott Davis2004–2006
Dan L. Dillingham2003–2006
Dan M. Fisher2001–2003
Dana S. Boole2006–2006
David H. Hoag2000–2002
David K.Y. Tang2003–2006
David L. Nichols2000–2002
David M. Ratcliffe2002–2006
David R. Pirsein2005–2006
David S. Barnard2002–2006
David S. Dahlmann2000–2000
David S. Outhouse2001–2003
Denis M. Hughes2004–2006
Dennis E. Barrett2000–2002
Doris M. Damm2001–2006
Douglas C. Morrison2004–2006
Dudley K. Montgomery2000–2001
E. Lynn Caswell2000–2002
Eddie Canterbury2002–2004
Edward Dugger, III2000–2000
Edwin J. Rigaud2006–2006
Edwin N. Clift2000–2000
Egbert L. J. Perry2002–2006
Ernest J. Sewell2004–2006
Eugene R. McGrath2000–2000
Eugene W. Rogers2004–2006
Frank A. Potenziani2000–2001
Frank Kaminski, Jr.2000–2001
Frank L. Sims2003–2006
Frank Moore2002–2006
Fred L. Green, III2000–2002
Garry L. Maddox2003–2006
Gary G. Michael2000–2000
Gayle P.W. Jackson2000–2005
George M. Scalise2000–2005
George W. Hamlin, IV2000–2002
Gerald M. Levin2001–2002
Glenn A. Schaeffer2000–2003
Hans Helmerich2000–2003
Harry Elwell, III2000–2000
Harry M. Lightsey, III2005–2006
Henry Bartell Zachry, Jr.2000–2002
Henry L. Meyer, III2005–2006
Howard E. Cosgrove2000–2001
Hunter R. Hollar2006–2006
Indra K. Nooyi2006–2006
Irl F. Engelhardt2005–2006
Irwin Zazulia2000–2002
J. Stephen Barger2003–2004
J. Thomas May2006–2006
Jack McNally2001–2006
James Byron Bexley2006–2006
James E. Haden2000–2003
James F. Beall2002–2006
James H. Keyes2000–2004
James J. Hynes2004–2006
James J. Norton2000–2003
James M. Culberson, Jr.2000–2001
James R. Wood2004–2005
James T. Hackett2006–2006
Jay F. Hoeschler2000–2004
Jay Fitzsimmons2006–2006
Jay T. Harris2003–2003
Jeff Plagge2005–2006
Jeffrey L. Gerhart2000–2004
Jeffrey R. Immelt2006–2006
Jeremiah J. Sheehan2000–2002
Jerry I. Speyer2001–2006
Jill M. Considine2002–2006
Jo Marie Dancik2000–2001
Joan Carter2000–2000
Joe Edens2002–2004
John A. Canning, Jr.2004–2006
John C. Gerlach2006–2006
John Dane III2000–2003
John Edward Sexton2003–2006
John F. Wieland2000–2002
John H. Hoeven, Jr.2005–2006
John R. Cochran2000–2001
John V. Rindlaub2000–2000
John W. Marvin2006–2006
Joseph E. Gliessner, Jr.2000–2002
Juanita P. Baranco2000–2001
Judy Ley Allen2000–2006
Julie Spicer England2000–2003
Karla S. Chambers2005–2006
Kathleen C. Marcum2006–2006
Kathleen Walsh Carr2005–2006
Kathryn A. Ogren2000–2000
Kay Clevidence2002–2004
Kenneth R. Shoemaker2003–2005
Kenneth R. Sparks2004–2006
Kenneth T. Murphy2000–2002
Kevin K. Nunnink2004–2006
Kirk A. McLaughlin2000–2000
Kirk P. Pond2004–2006
Krestine M. Corbin2000–2000
L. Phillip Humann2006–2006
Lawrence K. Fish2002–2004
Lee M. Thomas2005–2006
Lemuel E. Lewis2005–2006
Les C. Vinney2005–2006
Lester H. McKeever, Jr.2000–2000
Lewis F. Mallory, Jr.2002–2006
Linda Hall Whitman2000–2005
Lisa M. Lynch2004–2006
Loretta E. Lynch2003–2005
Lu M. Cordova2005–2006
Lunsford W. Bridges2000–2005
Malcolm Gillis2000–2005
Maria Camila Leiva2000–2001
Mark T. Gaffney2004–2006
Mark W. Schifferdecker2004–2006
Marta Tienda2003–2005
Matthew T. Doyle2001–2006
Michael A. Alexander2000–2000
Michael L. Kubacki2004–2006
Michael T. Wedge2006–2006
Miles D. White2002–2006
Mindy C. Meads2005–2005
Nelson C. Rising2000–2002
Orit Gadiesh2000–2005
P. Coleman Townsend, Jr.2002–2006
Patricia M. Patterson2000–2005
Paul M. Ferguson2000–2000
Paul T. Combs2005–2006
Paula Lovell2000–2003
Paula Marshall-Chapman2000–2002
Peter A. Blyberg2004–2006
Peter G. Peterson2000–2003
Peter J. Haddeland2006–2006
Phillip R. Cox2000–2005
Randy Peterson2003–2006
Ray L. Hunt2001–2006
Rhonda Holman2000–2003
Richard C. Hartnack2001–2004
Richard C. White2001–2003
Richard G. Hickson2000–2005
Richard H. Bard2002–2005
Richard S. Fuld, Jr.2005–2006
Richard W. Decker, Jr.2002–2006
Richard W. Evans, Jr.2003–2006
Rick L. Smalley2003–2006
Rob L. Wheeler2000–2002
Robert A. Estrada2005–2006
Robert A. Funk2003–2006
Robert C. Fricke2005–2006
Robert D. Burris2000–2000
Robert Dickson2003–2005
Robert E. Chappell2000–2005
Robert J. Darnall2000–2003
Robert J. Vanderslice2001–2003
Robert K. Kraft2003–2006
Robert L. Johnson2000–2003
Robert R. Glauber2000–2001
Robert R. Yohanan2000–2003
Robert S. Attiyeh2000–2002
Robert W. Mahoney2000–2005
Roger N. Berglund2000–2002
Roger R. Hemminghaus2000–2000
Ronald E. Logue2005–2006
Ronald J. Naples2001–2005
Ronald N. Zwieg2000–2003
Ronay Menschel2000–2004
Rufus A. Fulton, Jr.2000–2001
Samuel O. Thier2002–2006
Sanford J. Weill2001–2006
Sheila D. Harris2000–2004
Sherwin Greenblatt2001–2003
Stephen P. Wilson2001–2006
Susan S. Elliot2000–2000
Suzanne E. Boas2000–2004
T. Joseph Semrod2000–2001
Tanny B. Crane2003–2006
Teri G. Fontenot2004–2006
Terrence Murray2000–2001
Terrence P. Dunn2000–2002
Terry L. Moore2006–2006
Theresa M. Stone2003–2006
Thomas Gary Rogers2005–2006
Thomas H. Jacobsen2000–2001
Thomas J. Mackell, Jr.2003–2006
Tiney M. McComb2000–2002
Todd L. Johnson2005–2006
V. Ann Hailey2004–2006
V. Larkin Martin2003–2006
Valerie B. Jarrett2006–2006
Verne G. Istock2000–2000
W. Henry Harmon2000–2005
W. James Farrell2001–2006
Walter E. Daller, Jr.2002–2004
Walter L. Metcalfe, Jr.2001–2006
Walter V. Shipley, II2000–2000
Warren K.K. Luke2000–2001
Waymon L. Hickman2000–2001
Wayne R. Embry2000–2004
Wayne R. Weidner2005–2006
Wesley S. Williams, Jr.2000–2004
Willard William LaJoie2000–2001
William A. Osborn2001–2006
William C. Brainard2000–2001
William F. Hecht2004–2006
William Osgood Taylor2000–2002
William W. Duncan, Jr.2001–2003

Lineage

PhiladelphiaBoehne1981–2000→2000–2006 · 39 days vacant before→Plosser2006–2015

Who held each seat