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Elizabeth A. Duke · Armchair FedWatcher · Kaleb Nygaard

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Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons

Elizabeth A. Duke

1998–2013

Director (Class A)GovernorWikipedia

Born

Jul 23, 1952

Meetings at the table

50

50/50 (0 absent)

Geography

represented Philadelphia (3) · Class A director at Richmond (5) · state of record Virginia · where the Board comes from

In their time

Meetings by Chair

Policy rate

5.5% → 0–0.25%

−538 bp · Jan 1998 – Aug 2013

Seats held

Director (Class A)Richmond1998–2000
GovernorBoard of Governors2008–2013
Aug 5, 2008 – Aug 31, 2013 · confirmed Jun 27, 2008 · represents the Philadelphia district

Before the Fed

Banker · Towne Bank

Education

Bachelor's, Drama — University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (1974)
Master's, Business Administration — Old Dominion University (1983)

Terminal: Master's · business

Served alongside (518)

Chairs · 5

Alan Greenspan1998–2000
Ben S. Bernanke2008–2013
Janet L. Yellen2008–2013
Jerome H. Powell2012–2013
Kevin M. Warsh2008–2011

Governors · 12

Alice M. Rivlin1998–1999
Daniel K. Tarullo2009–2013
Donald L. Kohn1998–2010
Edward M. Gramlich

Rate moves

0 hikes · 3 cuts

39 holds at their meetings

Dissents witnessed

32

at 27 of 41 meetings

Unanimous

34%

14 of 41 meetings

Recessions

2

2001 · 2007–09

US presidents

3

Clinton · G.W. Bush · Obama

1998–2000

Edward W. Kelley Jr.1998–2000

Frederic S. Mishkin2008–2008

Jeremy C. Stein2012–2013

Laurence H. Meyer1998–2000

Randall S. Kroszner2008–2009

Roger W. Ferguson Jr.1998–2000

Sarah B. Raskin2010–2013

Susan M. Phillips1998–1998

Reserve Bank presidents · 29

Anthony M. Santomero2000–2000
Cathy E. Minehan1998–2000
Charles I. Plosser2008–2013
Charles L. Evans2008–2013
Dennis P. Lockhart2008–2013
Edward G. Boehne1998–2000
Eric S. Rosengren2008–2013
Esther L. George2009–2013
Gary H. Stern1998–2009
J. Alfred Broaddus Jr.1998–2000
Jack Guynn1998–2000
James Bullard2008–2013
Jeffrey M. Lacker2008–2013
Jerry L Jordan1998–2000
John C. Williams2011–2013
Michael H. Moskow1998–2000
Narayana Kocherlakota2009–2013
Patrick T. Harker2012–2013
Richard W. Fisher2008–2013
Robert D. Mcteer Jr.1998–2000
Robert T. Parry1998–2000
Sandra Pianalto1998–2013
Thomas C. Melzer1998–1998
Thomas I. Barkin2009–2013
Thomas M. Hoenig1998–2011
Timothy F. Geithner2008–2009
William C. Dudley2009–2013
William J. Mcdonough1998–2000
William Poole1998–2000

Staff · 116

Matthew M. Luecke2008–2013
David W. Skidmore2008–2013
Thomas A. Connors2008–2013
William B. English2010–2013
David Altig2008–2013
Scott G. Alvarez2008–2013
Steven B. Kamin2011–2013
David Reifschneider2008–2013
James A. Clouse2008–2013
William Wascher2008–2013
Christine M. Cumming2008–2013
Loretta Mester2008–2013
Linda Robertson2009–2013
Deborah J. Danker2008–2013
Harvey Rosenblum2008–2012
Jeffrey Fuhrer2008–2013
Lawrence Slifman2008–2012
Michelle A. Smith2010–2013
David W. Wilcox2011–2013
Thomas C. Baxter2008–2013
Brian Sack2009–2012
Michael Leahy2008–2013
Nellie Liang2008–2013
Christopher J. Waller2009–2013
Andrew T. Levin2008–2012
David J. Stockton2000–2010
William R. Nelson2008–2013
Charles S. Struckmeyer2008–2011
David H. Small2010–2013
Jennifer J. Johnson1998–2011
Daniel G. Sullivan2010–2013
Mark S. Sniderman2008–2013
Brian F. Madigan2008–2009
Joyce K. Zickler2009–2013
Mark E. Schweitzer2008–2013
Robert deV. Frierson2012–2013
Simon Potter2008–2013
Penelope A. Beattie2008–2011
John A. Weinberg2008–2012
Seth B. Carpenter2008–2013
Kei-Mu Yi2009–2013
Stephen A. Meyer2010–2013
D. Nathan Sheets2008–2010
Glenn D. Rudebusch2008–2013
Patrick M. Parkinson2009–2011
Randall A. Williams2010–2013
Robert L. Hetzel2008–2013
Michael G. Palumbo2009–2013
Alan D. Barkema2009–2011
Carol Low2008–2011
A. Charlene Sullivan2008–2009
Eric M. Engen2010–2013
Lorie Logan2011–2013
Nathan Sheets2010–2011
Jon W. Faust2012–2013
Thomas Laubach2012–2013
Bradly W. Small2008–2009
Evan F. Koenig2009–2013
Michael T. Kiley2009–2013
Robert H. Rasche2008–2011
Stephen D. Oliner2008–2010
Troy Davig2012–2013
Warren Weber2008–2010
Daniel M. Covitz2008–2013
David E. Lebow2010–2013
Ellen E. Meade2011–2013
Barry R. Snyder1998–2000
Clyde H. Farnsworth, Jr.1998–1998
Colleen K. Strand1998–1999
D. Blake Prichard2011–2013
Dale Roskom2010–2010
David A. Sapenaro2008–2013
Dolores S. Smith1998–2000
Donald V. Hammond2012–2013
Elizabeth A. Coleman2008–2010
Gordon R. G. Werkema2008–2013
Gregory Stefani2011–2013
H. Fay Peters2008–2010
Helen E. Holcomb1998–2013
J. Nellie Liang2010–2013
J. Virgil Mattingly, Jr.1998–2000
James M. Lyon2000–2013
Jamie B. Stewart, Jr.1999–2000
John F. Moore1998–2013
Karen H. Johnson1998–2000
Kelly J. Dubbert2012–2013
Kenneth C. Montgomery2011–2013
Louise L. Roseman1999–2013
Marie C. Gooding2011–2013
Mark Bialek2011–2013
Mark L. Mullinix2013–2013
Maureen T. Hannan2008–2011
Michael J. Prell1998–1999
Michael S. Gibson2012–2013
Michell C. Clark2012–2013
Patrick K. Barron1998–2010
Paul M. Connolly1998–2010
Richard A. Anderson2011–2011
Richard C. Stevens1999–2000
Richard K. Rasdall, Jr.1998–2008
Richard Spillenkothen1998–2000
Robert Christy Moore2008–2008
Robert E. Frazier1998–2000
Roger T. Cole2008–2008
S. David Frost1998–1998
Sandra F. Braunstein2008–2013
Sarah G. Green2008–2012
Sharon L. Mowry2012–2013
Stephen J. Clark1999–2000
Stephen R. Malphrus1998–2011
Vacancy2011–2011
W. Legrande Rives1998–2000
Walter A. Varvel1998–2000
William C. Conrad1998–2000
William H. Stone, Jr.1998–2010
William L. Mitchell2012–2013

Reserve Bank directors · 356

James C. Smith2008–2010
Kenneth P. Wilcox2008–2012
Wesley S. Williams, Jr.1998–2000
A. Rogers Yarnell II2008–2009
Aaron L. Groff, Jr.2008–2012
Alan L. Brill2011–2013
Alan R. Tubbs1999–2000
Albert B. Murry1998–1998
Albert J. Simone2000–2000
Alexander R. Mehran2013–2013
Alfred M. Rankin, Jr.2008–2012
Allan James "Jimmy" Rasmussen2013–2013
Alphonso O'Neil-White2012–2013
Ann B. Stern2013–2013
Ann D. Murtlow2008–2012
Ann M. Fudge1998–2000
Anthony K. Anderson2008–2009
Arnold C. Schultz1998–1998
Arnold T. Grisham2008–2010
Arthur C. Martinez1998–2000
Barbara Mowry2012–2013
Bert Greenwalt1999–2000
Betsy Lawer2011–2013
Bick Weissenrieder2008–2008
Blake Willard Nordstrom2008–2012
Brad E. Schwartz2013–2013
Bruce A. Schriefer1998–2000
Bruce Parker1998–2000
C. Daniel DeLawder2008–2012
Cal McCastlain2011–2013
Candace Hunter Wiest2008–2008
Carol B. Tome2008–2013
Catherine D'Amato2010–2013
Charisse R. Lillie1998–2000
Charles A. Heimbold, Jr.1999–2000
Charles P. Pizzi2008–2011
Charles V. Wait2008–2011
Charles W. Mueller1999–2000
Charles W. Nichols1998–1999
Charlotte W. Martin2009–2011
Cheryl L. Krueger-Horn1998–2000
Christine Hamilton2013–2013
Christopher M. Connor2011–2013
Clarence Otis, Jr.2010–2013
Claude E. Davis2013–2013
Claudine B. Malone1998–1999
Colleen D. Hernandez1998–1999
Connie E. Evans2000–2000
Craig A. Ruppert1998–2000
Cynthia A. Parker1998–1998
D. Paul Jones, Jr.1998–2000
D. Scott Davis2008–2009
Dale J. Emmel1998–1998
Dan Duane Angel1998–1999
Dan L. Dillingham2008–2008
Dana S. Boole2008–2011
Dann H. Bowman2009–2011
David A. Daberko1998–1998
David A. Koch1998–1999
David A. Lentini2008–2011
David B. Lee1998–1999
David H. Hoag1998–2000
David K.Y. Tang2008–2008
David L. Nichols1998–2000
David R. Hunsicker2013–2013
David R. Jones1998–1998
David R. Pirsein2008–2009
David S. Dahlmann1998–2000
David W. Brownback2010–2013
Deborah M. Fretz2010–2012
Denis M. Hughes2008–2010
Dennis E. Barrett1998–2000
Dennis J. Kuester2008–2008
Dennis W. Johnson1998–1998
Donald J. Schneider1998–1998
Dorothy J. Bridges2008–2008
Douglas M. Lester1998–1998
Douglas W. Shorenstein2008–2012
Dudley K. Montgomery1998–2000
Dwight V. Neese2008–2009
E. Lynn Caswell1998–2000
Edward Dugger, III1998–2000
Edward L. Willingham, IV2012–2013
Edwin N. Clift1998–2000
Egbert L. J. Perry2008–2008
Elton M. Hyder2011–2013
Emily K. Rafferty2011–2013
Eugene R. McGrath1998–2000
Frank A. Potenziani1998–2000
Frank Kaminski, Jr.2000–2000
Fred L. Green, III2000–2000
Frederick C. Peters II2009–2013
Frederick H. Waddell2009–2013
G. Kenneth Perine1998–1999
G. Watts Humphrey, Jr.1998–1999
Garry L. Maddox2008–2009
Gary G. Michael1998–2000
Gary L. Gottlieb2012–2013
Gayle Maltby Earls1998–1999
Gayle P.W. Jackson2000–2000
George A. Didden, III1998–1998
George F. Jones, Jr.2009–2013
George M. Scalise2000–2000
George Paz2012–2013
George W. Hamlin, IV1998–2000
Gerald H. Lipkin2013–2013
Gerard R. Host2013–2013
Glenn A. Schaeffer1998–2000
Glenn H. Hutchins2011–2013
Greg Brown2013–2013
Gregory M. Duckett2008–2013
Hans Helmerich1998–2000
Harold Keller2011–2013
Harry Elwell, III1998–2000
Henri A. Termeer2008–2011
Henry Bartell Zachry, Jr.1999–2000
Herbert D. Kelleher2008–2013
Howard A. Dahl2009–2013
Howard E. Cosgrove1998–2000
Howard L. McMillan, Jr.1998–1999
Hunter R. Hollar2008–2008
I.N. Rendall Harper, Jr.1998–1998
Indra K. Nooyi2008–2008
Irl F. Engelhardt2008–2008
Irwin Zazulia1999–2000
J. Richard Jones1998–1999
J. Thomas May2008–2011
J. Walter McDowell1998–1999
Jack B. Evans1998–2000
James A. Espeland2009–2010
James A. Martin1998–1999
James Byron Bexley2008–2011
James Dimon2008–2012
James E. Haden1998–2000
James E. Nevels2010–2013
James E. Rohr2008–2010
James H. Keyes1999–2000
James H. McKillop, III2008–2008
James J. Howard1998–2000
James J. Hynes2008–2009
James J. Norton1998–2000
James M. Culberson, Jr.1999–2000
James M. Wells, III2008–2011
James S. Tisch2009–2011
James T. Hackett2008–2010
Jay F. Hoeschler1999–2000
Jeffrey A. Joerres2010–2013
Jeffrey B. Kindler2009–2010
Jeffrey L. Gerhart1999–2000
Jeffrey R. Immelt2008–2010
Jeremiah J. Sheehan1998–2000
Jeremy Nowak2008–2013
Jo Marie Dancik1998–2000
Joan Carter1998–2000
Joe Kim King2008–2013
John A. Canning, Jr.2008–2009
John A. Ikard2009–2012
John C. Gerlach2008–2008
John C. Whitehead1998–1999
John Dane III2000–2000
John F. Fish2010–2013
John F. McDonnell1998–1998
John F. Wieland1998–2000
John P. Surma2013–2013
John R. Cochran1999–2000
John T. Stout, Jr.2010–2013
John V. Rindlaub1998–2000
John W. Marvin2008–2011
Jorge A. Bermudez2012–2013
Jorge Ramirez2013–2013
Jose S. Suguet2011–2013
Joseph E. Gliessner, Jr.1998–2000
Juanita P. Baranco1998–2000
Judy Ley Allen1999–2000
Julie Causey2011–2013
Julie Spicer England1998–2000
Karla S. Chambers2008–2011
Kathleen C. Marcum2008–2008
Kathryn A. Ogren1998–2000
Kathryn G. Underwood2009–2013
Kathryn S. Wylde2009–2013
Keith S. Campbell2008–2013
Kelly S. King2009–2011
Kenneth A. Palmer2012–2013
Kenneth R. Sparks2008–2009
Kenneth T. Murphy2000–2000
Kevin K. Nunnink2008–2008
Kirk A. McLaughlin1998–2000
Kirk A. Sykes2008–2013
Krestine M. Corbin1998–2000
Lawrence R. Simkins2011–2013
Lee Carroll Bollinger2008–2012
Lee M. Thomas2008–2010
Lemuel E. Lewis2008–2010
Len C. Rodman2013–2013
Les C. Vinney2008–2010
Lester H. McKeever, Jr.1998–2000
Linda D. Rabbitt2009–2013
Linda Hall Whitman2000–2000
Lisa M. Lynch2008–2009
Lu M. Cordova2008–2011
Lunsford W. Bridges2000–2000
Lynn M. Hoghaug1998–1999
Malcolm Gillis2000–2000
Margaret E. McDermid2008–2012
Margaret G. Lewis2013–2013
Margaret H. Jordan2008–2012
Maria Camila Leiva1998–2000
Mark C. Hewitt2008–2013
Mark Gordon2009–2011
Mark T. Gaffney2008–2009
Mark W. Schifferdecker2008–2009
Marshall N. Carter1998–1998
Marshall O. Larsen2012–2013
Mary K. Brainerd2008–2013
Max T. Wake2011–2013
MayKao Y. Hang2012–2013
Megan F. Clubb2012–2013
Michael A. Alexander1998–2000
Michael F. Camardo2008–2011
Michael J. Angelakis2012–2013
Michael J. O'Meara2009–2011
Michael L. Kubacki2008–2009
Michael T. Wedge2008–2010
Migdalia Rivera1998–1999
Myron E. Ullman, III2008–2013
Nelda J. Connors2011–2013
Nelson C. Rising1998–2000
Nicole C. Taylor2011–2013
Orit Gadiesh2000–2000
Patricia E. Yarrington2009–2013
Patricia M. Patterson2000–2000
Patrick C. Graney, III2008–2013
Paul DeBruce2008–2012
Paul G. Greig2011–2013
Paul M. Ferguson2000–2000
Paul P. Mello2012–2013
Paul T. Combs2008–2010
Paula Lovell1998–2000
Paula Marshall-Chapman2000–2000
Pete Cook2008–2012
Peter G. Peterson1998–2000
Peter J. Haddeland2008–2008
Peter L. Judkins2012–2013
Peter S. Ho2013–2013
Phillip R. Cox2000–2000
R. Scott Smith2011–2013
Randall J. Hogan2010–2013
Randy L. Newman2013–2013
Randy Peterson2008–2008
Ray L. Hunt1998–1998
Renee Lewis Glover2009–2013
Renu Khator2011–2013
Rhonda Holman2000–2000
Richard E. Bell1998–1998
Richard E. Holbrook2011–2013
Richard G. Hickson2000–2000
Richard Galanti2012–2013
Richard H. Anderson2010–2011
Richard J. Morgan2010–2012
Richard K. Ratcliffe2009–2013
Richard K. Smucker2010–2013
Richard L. Carrion1999–2013
Richard L. Westra2010–2012
Richard W. Evans, Jr.2008–2008
Rick L. Smalley2008–2008
Rob L. Wheeler1998–2000
Robert A. Estrada2008–2010
Robert C. Fricke2008–2010
Robert C. McNair1998–1998
Robert D. Burris1998–2000
Robert E. Chappell2000–2000
Robert G. Jones2008–2013
Robert G. Wilmers1998–1998
Robert H. Gilliam, Jr.2008–2010
Robert J. Darnall1998–2000
Robert K. Kraft2008–2009
Robert L. Johnson1998–2000
Robert L. Strickland1998–1998
Robert R. Glauber1998–2000
Robert R. Yohanan1998–2000
Robert S. Attiyeh1998–2000
Robert W. Mahoney2000–2000
Robert Y. Farrington1998–1999
Roger N. Berglund2000–2000
Roger R. Hemminghaus1998–2000
Roger S. Berkowitz2012–2013
Ronald N. Zwieg1998–2000
Ronay Menschel1998–2000
Rose M. Washington2013–2013
Rosemary Turner2013–2013
Roy A. Vallee2013–2013
Roy W. Haley2008–2010
Rudy E. Schupp2008–2012
Rufus A. Fulton, Jr.1999–2000
Russell C. Lindner2011–2013
Sara Horowitz2013–2013
Sharon D. Fiehler2009–2013
Sheila D. Harris1999–2000
Sonja Yates Hubbard2010–2013
Stanley T. Skinner1998–1998
Stephen Friedman2008–2008
Stephen J. Goodenow2010–2012
Stephen L. Brown1998–1998
Steve Maestas2013–2013
Steven E. Bochner2013–2013
Steven H. Lipstein2008–2011
Stuart H. Reese2008–2009
Susan S. Elliot1998–2000
Susan S. Stephenson2012–2013
Susan Tomasky2009–2013
Suzanne E. Boas1998–2000
T. Anthony Humphries2009–2013
T. Joseph Semrod2000–2000
Tanny B. Crane2008–2009
Ted T. Cecala2008–2009
Teri G. Fontenot2008–2009
Terrence Murray1999–2000
Terrence P. Dunn1998–2000
Terry J. Lundgren2011–2013
Terry L. Moore2008–2012
Terry Mazany2010–2013
Thomas A. Fanning2012–2013
Thomas Gary Rogers2008–2010
Thomas H. Jacobsen1999–2000
Thomas J. Mackell, Jr.2008–2008
Thomas J. Wilson2008–2010
Thomas W. Scott2008–2009
Tilmon F. Brown2009–2013
Tiney M. McComb1998–2000
Todd A. Mason2012–2013
Todd L. Johnson2008–2010
V. Ann Hailey2008–2008
V. Larkin Martin2008–2008
Veo Peoples, Jr.1998–1999
Verne G. Istock1998–2000
W. Henry Harmon2000–2000
W.D. Glover1998–1999
Walter V. Shipley, II1998–2000
Ward M. Klein2008–2013
Warren K.K. Luke1998–2000
Waymon L. Hickman1998–2000
Wayne R. Embry1999–2000
Wilbur E. Johnson2010–2013
Willard William LaJoie1999–2000
William C. Brainard1998–2000
William C. Foote2008–2012
William D. Jones2008–2012
William D. Nordhaus2010–2013
William E. Chappell2010–2013
William F. Hecht2008–2009
William H. Rogers, Jr.2012–2013
William J. Shorma2008–2012
William L. McQuillan1998–1998
William M. Farrow, III2013–2013
William Osgood Taylor1998–2000

Lineage

Board seat 3Bies2001–2007→2008–2013 · 16.2 months vacant before→Brainard2014–2023

Who held each seat