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Silas Keehn · Armchair FedWatcher · Kaleb Nygaard

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Federal Reserve History

Silas Keehn

1981–1994

Reserve Bank PresidentFederal Reserve History

Born

1930

Meetings at the table

150

150/157 (7 absent)

Geography

president at Chicago (7) · where the Board comes from

In their time

Meetings by Chair

Policy rate

10% → 4.75%

−525 bp · Oct 1982 – Aug 1994 (the series starts in Oct 1982)

Seats held

Reserve Bank PresidentChicago1981–1994
Jul 1, 1981 – Aug 31, 1994

Before the Fed

Banker · Mellon Bank

Education

Bachelor's, Economics — Hamilton College
Master's, Business Administration — Harvard University

Terminal: Master's · business

Served alongside (502)

Chairs · 3

Alan Greenspan1987–1994
Janet L. Yellen1994–1994
Paul A. Volcker1981–1987

Governors · 18

Donald L. Kohn1986–1994
Alan S. Blinder1994–1994
David W. Mullins, Jr.1990–1994
Edward W. Kelley Jr.1987–1994
Emmett J. Rice1981–1986
Frederick H. Schultz

Rate moves

26 hikes · 28 cuts

66 holds at their meetings

Dissents witnessed

113

at 66 of 118 meetings

Unanimous

44%

52 of 118 meetings

Recessions

2

1981–82 · 1990–91

US presidents

3

Reagan · G.H.W. Bush · Clinton

1981–1982

H. Robert Heller1986–1989

Henry C. Wallich1981–1986

J. Charles Partee1981–1986

John P. Laware1988–1994

Lawrence B. Lindsey1991–1994

Lyle E. Gramley1981–1985

Manuel H. Johnson1986–1990

Martha R. Seger1984–1991

Nancy H. Teeters1981–1984

Preston Martin1982–1986

Susan M. Phillips1991–1994

Wayne D. Angell1981–1994

Reserve Bank presidents · 27

Anthony M. Solomon1981–1984
Cathy E. Minehan1991–1994
E. Gerald Corrigan1981–1993
Edward G. Boehne1981–1994
Frank E. Morris1981–1988
Gary H. Stern1985–1994
J. Alfred Broaddus Jr.1993–1994
J. Roger Guffey1981–1991
Jack Guynn1984–1994
Jerry L Jordan1992–1994
John J. Balles1981–1986
Karen N. Horn1982–1987
Lawrence K. Roos1981–1983
Richard F. Syron1989–1994
Robert D. Mcteer Jr.1991–1994
Robert H. Boykin1981–1991
Robert P. Black1981–1992
Robert P. Forrestal1981–1994
Robert T. Parry1986–1994
Sandra Pianalto1993–1994
Theodore H. Roberts1983–1984
Thomas C. Melzer1985–1994
Thomas M. Hoenig1991–1994
W. Lee Hoskins1987–1991
William F. Ford1981–1983
William J. Mcdonough1993–1994
Willis J. Winn1981–1982

Staff · 54

Edwin M. Truman1981–1994
Michael J. Prell1987–1994
J. Virgil Mattingly, Jr.1989–1994
Michael Bradfield1981–1988
James L. Kichline1981–1986
Stephen H. Axilrod1981–1985
James H. Oltman1988–1994
Robert W. Eisenmenger1984–1990
William W. Wiles1981–1994
William H. Hendricks1982–1992
Ann-Marie Meulendyke1985–1994
Ernest T. Patrikis1993–1994
Allen E. Beutel1985–1990
Brent L. Bowen1987–1994
Bruce M. Beardsley1985–1990
Carl E. Powell1986–1990
Charles L. Hampton1981–1984
Clyde H. Farnsworth, Jr.1982–1994
Colleen K. Strand1993–1994
Daniel M. Doyle1981–1991
David L. Shannon1981–1994
Donal E. Anderson1981–1983
Donald W. Moriarty, Jr.1981–1982
Griffith L. Garwood1982–1994
Henry R. Czerwinski1981–1993
James A. McIntosh1981–1983
James R. Bowen1987–1994
James R. Kudlinski1981–1981
Janet O. Hart1981–1981
Jimmie R. Monhollon1981–1994
John B. Williams1981–1982
John E. Ryan1981–1984
John M. Denkler1981–1982
Joseph P. Garbarini1983–1986
Patrick K. Barron1991–1994
Paul M. Connolly1994–1994
Richard K. Rasdall, Jr.1994–1994
Richard L. Smoot1981–1986
Richard Spillenkothen1991–1994
Richard T. Griffith1983–1985
Robert E. Frazier1984–1994
S. David Frost1983–1994
Stephen R. Malphrus1991–1994
Theodore E. Allison1981–1990
Thomas E. Gainor1981–1992
Thomas M. Timlen, Jr.1981–1987
Tony J. Salvaggio1991–1994
Walter H. MacDonald1981–1981
William C. Conrad1992–1994
William H. Stone, Jr.1987–1994
William H. Wallace1981–1990
William R. Jones1985–1985
William Taylor1985–1990
Williiam R. Jones1986–1990

Reserve Bank directors · 400

John B. Davis, Jr.1982–1987
Jean McArthur Davis1981–1982
John R. Miller1986–1992
A. Charlene Sullivan1991–1994
A. Pierce Stone1990–1992
A. William Reynolds1991–1994
Alan C. Furth1981–1986
Alan R. Sleeper1981–1981
Alberto M. Paracchini1987–1989
Alfred Brittain III1983–1985
Alfred C. Leist1991–1994
Andre M. Rubenstein1991–1994
Anne Marie Whittemore1989–1993
Armand C. Stalnaker1981–1982
Arnold C. Schultz1993–1994
B.F. "Chip" Backlund1987–1992
Barbara Harding1991–1993
Barry F. Sullivan1985–1990
Bernard Francis Sliger1983–1988
Bobby R. Inman1984–1990
Boris Yavitz1981–1982
Bradley Currey, Jr.1984–1989
Bruce C. Adams1988–1992
Burton A. Dole, Jr.1989–1994
Burton P. Allen, Jr.1984–1986
Carl E. Singley1984–1989
Carl J. Schmitt1993–1994
Carl L. Campbell1993–1994
Carol R. Goldberg1981–1982
Caroline Leonetti Ahmanson1981–1984
Carolyn S. Chambers1985–1991
Cece Smith1992–1994
Charles C. Gates1981–1984
Charles Dickie Williamson1989–1989
Charles E. Weller1993–1994
Charles F. Seymour1985–1990
Charles I. Moyer1992–1994
Charles L. Seaman1991–1993
Charles M. Bliss1983–1984
Charles S. McNeer1986–1991
Charles T. Doyle1986–1991
Charles W. Ekstrum1987–1989
Charles W. Nichols1994–1994
Charles W. Parry1987–1990
Chester A. Duke1987–1989
Clair L. Peck, Jr.1981–1982
Clarence C. Barksdale1981–1986
Clarence D. McCormick1986–1988
Clarence D. Mortenson1994–1994
Claude R. Hill, Jr.1989–1991
Claudine B. Malone1994–1994
Clifton Reginald Wharton, Jr.1983–1986
Colleen D. Hernandez1994–1994
Constantinos I. Costalas1988–1990
Cordell W. Hull1988–1990
Cornell C. Maier1981–1981
Curtis W. Kuehn1983–1985
Cynthia A. Parker1993–1994
Cyrus R. Vance1989–1992
D. Paul Jones, Jr.1994–1994
Dale W. Fern1982–1984
Dan B. Andrews1981–1985
Daniel E. Sweat, Jr.1994–1994
Daniel M. Galbreath1986–1988
David A. Hamburg1994–1994
David A. Koch1994–1994
David A. Page1992–1994
David W. Fox1991–1994
David W. Huggins1990–1994
David W. Kemper II1987–1989
Delbert W. Johnson1988–1993
Dennis W. Hunt1981–1984
Dennis W. Johnson1993–1994
Don E. Adams1991–1993
Donald D. Hoffman1985–1987
Donald J. Gehb1985–1987
Donald J. Kennedy1991–1994
Donald J. Schneider1993–1994
Donald J. Seebold1981–1982
Donald L. Hunt1981–1985
Doris M Drury1981–1984
Douglas E. Johnson1982–1984
Douglas E. Olesen1989–1994
Douglas M. Lester1993–1994
Duane Calvin Acker1982–1985
Duane E. Dingmann1989–1994
Duane L. Burnham1992–1994
Duane W. Ring1986–1988
E. Kay Stepp1991–1994
E. Mandell de Windt1981–1986
E.B. Robinson, Jr.1985–1990
Earl R. St. John, Jr.1988–1993
Eberhard Faber, IV1981–1985
Edward B. Brandon1993–1994
Edward D. Powers1985–1990
Edward F. Brabec1981–1984
Edward H. Covell1986–1991
Edward H. Ladd1989–1994
Edward L. Hennessy, Jr.1981–1984
Edwin A. Huston1988–1993
Ellen Victoria Futter1988–1993
Eugene M. Phillips1992–1994
Everett L. Maffett1981–1981
Floyd D. Gottwald, Jr.1985–1987
Floyd W. Lewis1981–1981
Frank A. Jones, Jr.1981–1986
Frank A. McPherson1990–1992
Frank J. Yaklich, Jr.1989–1994
Frank M. Mitchener, Jr.1987–1992
Frank Wobst1987–1992
Fred A. White1981–1981
Fred Adams, Jr.1981–1981
Fred W. Andrew1982–1987
Frederick G. Larkin, Jr.1981–1982
Frederick W. Lyons, Jr.1985–1991
G. Watts Humphrey, Jr.1993–1994
Gary E. Burl1989–1989
Gary E. Wood1987–1992
Gary F. Simmerman1991–1993
Gary G. Michael1994–1994
Gary J. Chouest1988–1990
Gayle Maltby Earls1994–1994
Gene Edwards1985–1987
George A. Butler1987–1989
George Dean Johnson, Jr.1984–1985
George E. Bartol, III1982–1987
George H. Weyerhauser1982–1987
George M. Ryrie1981–1984
George Nicholas Hatsopoulos1982–1989
Gerald A. Rauenhorst1990–1994
Gerald D. Hines1981–1983
Gertrude G. Michelson1981–1984
Gordon T. Wallis1981–1982
Gunnar E. Sarsten1989–1989
Guy W. Botts1981–1984
H. Alan Timm1981–1982
H. Bernard Lynch1990–1994
H. Edwin Trusheim1987–1992
Hanne Merriman1985–1990
Harold B. Blach, Jr.1981–1986
Harold F. Zigmund1981–1986
Harold L. Gerhart, Jr.1986–1992
Harry A. Jensen1981–1983
Harry R. Mitiguy1986–1986
Henry G. Cisneros1991–1991
Henry G. River, Jr.1989–1994
Henry J. Faison1990–1994
Henry N. Ness1981–1982
Henry S. Woodbridge, Jr.1981–1983
Herbert L. Washington1993–1994
Herman Cain1992–1994
Homer B. Ellis, Jr.1985–1987
Horatio C. Thompson1982–1987
Howard K. Loomis1981–1985
Hugh G. Robinson1985–1991
Hugh L. Hembree III1985–1990
Hugh M. Brown1992–1994
Hugh M. Willson1981–1983
I.N. Rendall Harper, Jr.1993–1994
Ira Stepanian1993–1994
Irvine O. Hockaday, Jr.1984–1988
J. Banks Scarborough1981–1983
J. David Barnes1981–1986
J. Kirby Fowler1988–1990
J. Richard Jones1993–1994
J. Thomas Holton1990–1994
J. Wayland Bennett1981–1984
J. William Johnson1994–1994
J.B. Cooper, Jr.1991–1994
J.L. Jackson1981–1983
J.R. Vaughan1981–1983
Jack C. Smith1988–1990
James A. Chapman, Jr.1981–1982
James A. Hagen1992–1994
James A. Martin1993–1994
James Arthur Vohs1990–1994
James B. Williams1991–1994
James G. Harlow, Jr.1981–1983
James G. Lindley1991–1993
James H. Hearon, III1989–1991
James M. Mead1991–1994
James Stokes Hatch1982–1984
James Whelden1981–1981
Jane C. Cousins1982–1987
Jane G. Pepper1988–1993
Janet McAfee Weakley1988–1993
Jean A. Crockett1981–1982
Jean D. Kinsey1991–1994
Jeff Austin, Jr.1993–1993
Jerome H. Grossman1990–1994
Jerry B. Melby1994–1994
Jerry D. Geist1986–1988
Jesse M. Shaver1982–1987
Joan Carter1994–1994
Joan T. Bok1990–1994
JoAnne Brinzey1983–1985
Joe F. Kirby1981–1982
Joel B. Alvord1988–1989
Joel S. Harris1988–1990
John A. Georges1987–1992
John A. Rollwagen1986–1989
John C. Hampton1984–1989
John D. Anderson1981–1983
John D. Woods1981–1984
John E. Flynn1991–1994
John F. Anderson1981–1984
John F. McDonnell1993–1994
John F. McGillicuddy1988–1991
John F. McNair, III1988–1990
John F. Welch, Jr.1985–1990
John H. Walther1984–1986
John H. Weitnauer, Jr.1981–1986
John N. Nordstrom1988–1993
John P. Gilliam1981–1985
John R. Hall1984–1986
John R. Hodges1991–1993
John R. Opel1981–1988
John Sagan1981–1983
John V. James1981–1984
John W. Alford1981–1982
John W. Eckman1981–1981
John W. Gabbert1986–1991
John W. Kessler1981–1985
Joseph A. Baute1981–1987
Joseph A. Jennings1982–1984
Judith Manville Runstad1992–1994
K. Donald Menefee1986–1988
Keith D. Bjerke1987–1987
L. Kent Gilbreath1981–1986
L. Newton Thomas, Jr.1992–1994
Laban P. Jackson, Jr.1987–1992
Larry L. Prince1987–1991
Lawrence W. Menefee1994–1994
Leo Benatar1990–1994
Leo E. Linbeck, Jr.1987–1993
Leon A. Dunn, Jr.1981–1983
Leon T. Kendall1981–1986
Leroy T. Canoles, Jr.1984–1989
Lewis Honyman Bond1981–1984
Lewis R. Smoot, Sr.1984–1985
Lewis T. Preston1986–1987
Maceo A. Sloan1981–1981
Malcolm T. Stamper1981–1981
Marcus Alexis1985–1990
Margaret S. Wilson1981–1982
Mary Garst1981–1985
Mary P. Holt1981–1986
Mary W. Walker1984–1989
Matina Souretis Horner1983–1988
Maurice R. Greenberg1988–1994
Max J. Naylor1986–1991
Michael Joseph Harrington1981–1986
Michael W. Wright1985–1990
Miles D. Wilson1981–1986
Milton Carroll1993–1994
Nevius M. Curtis1983–1988
Nicholas Riso1986–1991
Norman F.C. Kent1991–1991
Ole R. Mettler1981–1983
Ollie Jay Tomson1981–1986
Patrick E. McNarny1981–1985
Paul A. DelaCourt1991–1994
Paul E. Reichardt1981–1982
Paul G. Miller1981–1984
Paul H. Henson1981–1983
Paul J. Schierl1987–1992
Paul K. Reynolds1986–1987
Paul W. Green1987–1989
Peter A. Benoliel1987–1992
Peter D. Kiernan1981–1983
Peyton Yates1990–1994
R. Blair Hawkes1988–1990
Ralph Z. Sorenson1986–1987
Rand V. Araskog1991–1993
Ray U. Tanner1991–1993
Rayburn S. Dezember1984–1989
Raymond D. Campbell1982–1987
Richard D. Hannan1982–1987
Richard D. Harrison1984–1989
Richard D. Wardell1988–1990
Richard E. Bell1993–1994
Richard G. Cline1990–1994
Richard L. Falconer1983–1988
Richard L. Gelb1986–1991
Richard L. Mount1991–1994
Richard L. Taylor1988–1990
Richard M. Oster1985–1989
Richard Newell Cooper1987–1992
Richard P. Hauser1981–1984
Robert A. Georgine1983–1988
Robert A. Rough1982–1984
Robert A. Young1981–1983
Robert D. Kilpatrick1981–1981
Robert D. Rogers1981–1986
Robert D. Storey1987–1990
Robert E. Allen1992–1994
Robert E. Atkinson, Jr.1990–1994
Robert F. Baronner1985–1987
Robert F. Erburu1987–1992
Robert G. Greer1987–1992
Robert G. Lueder1985–1987
Robert G. Wilmers1993–1994
Robert H. Deacon1981–1981
Robert H. Knight1981–1982
Robert H. Quenon1990–1994
Robert J. Day1984–1989
Robert J. Sweeney1983–1988
Robert L. Hollis1986–1991
Robert L. Newell1987–1987
Robert L. Pfluger1985–1990
Robert L. Virgil, Jr.1983–1989
Robert M Freeman1994–1994
Robert M. Healey1991–1994
Robert M. Landis1981–1986
Robert M. Silva1992–1994
Robert Paul Henderson1981–1984
Robert S. Chiles, Sr.1984–1986
Robert S. Hillas1981–1983
Robert Ted Enloe, III1983–1988
Robert W. Moyer1985–1987
Robert Y. Farrington1994–1994
Rodney W. Fouberg1990–1992
Roger E. Anderson1981–1982
Roger L. Reisher1988–1993
Roger R. Hemminghaus1994–1994
Roger W. Schipke1988–1990
Ronald H. Smith1985–1987
Russell G. Cleary1981–1981
S. Dean Evans, Sr.1987–1990
S. John Brademas1983–1987
Samuel A. McCullough1990–1992
Sandra B. Sanderson-Chesnut1992–1994
Sandra Feldman1994–1994
Saundra H. Gray1989–1991
Simpson Russell1992–1993
Sister Generose Gervais1981–1985
Spencer F. Eccles1983–1988
Stanton R. Cook1981–1985
Stefan S. Anderson1992–1994
Stephen Brobeck1991–1994
Stephen F. Keating1981–1981
Stephen L. Brown1994–1994
Stephen R. Levy1988–1993
Steven Muller1981–1983
Susanne V. Boxer1993–1994
T. Joseph Semrod1984–1986
Terrence Murray1990–1992
Terry K. Dunkle1994–1994
Thomas B. Cookerly1984–1989
Thomas C. Dorr1992–1994
Thomas Claiborne Frost1988–1993
Thomas E. Rodriguez1988–1993
Thomas F. McLarty III1989–1991
Thomas G. Labrecque1992–1994
Thomas Irving Atkins1981–1985
Thomas K. Smith Jr.1981–1981
Thomas M. Nies1994–1994
Thomas M. Strong1985–1987
Togo W. Tanaka1983–1988
Veo Peoples, Jr.1994–1994
Vern A. Marquardt1981–1983
Verna K. Gibson1988–1993
Victor J. Riley, Jr.1990–1992
Victoria B. Jackson1992–1994
Vincent C. Burke, Jr.1981–1981
Virgil H. Moore1986–1991
Virginia A. Dwyer1985–1987
W.D. Glover1994–1994
W.E. Ayres1990–1992
W.H. Swain1990–1994
W.L. Hadley Griffin1982–1987
Walter J. Robb1981–1981
Warren Bruce Rudman1993–1994
Warren K.K. Luke1990–1992
Warren R. Lee1991–1994
Wayne W. Allen1993–1994
Webb C. Hayes, IV1992–1994
Willard H. Derrick1983–1985
William A. Fickling, Jr.1981–1983
William A. Stroud1983–1988
William B. Walton1981–1981
William C. Bullock, Jr.1987–1988
William C. Steere, Jr.1993–1994
William E.B. Siart1989–1994
William G. Phillips1981–1984
William H. Chadwick1989–1991
William H. Knoell1981–1986
William H. May1988–1990
William H. Stroube1981–1981
William L. Mathers1982–1987
William L. McQuillan1993–1994
William L. Tooley1989–1994
William M. Dickson1981–1982
William S. Cook1981–1985
William S. Edgerly1984–1986
William S. Lee, III1982–1984
William T. McConnell1989–1994
William W. Strausburg1992–1994
William Wardwell Treat1983–1985
Zane G. Murfitt1981–1981

Lineage

ChicagoMayo1970–1981→1981–1994 · 3 months vacant before→Moskow1994–2007

Who held each seat