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Who’s deciding?

Every person who has sat on the FOMC — and the directors behind them.

People Meetings

FOMC Reserve Bank directors Board division directors Everyone

Chair Vice Chair Governor Reserve Bank President First Vice President

116 of 3190 people · Everyone

Cheryl Venable
2024–
Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President
Atlanta
Anna Paulson
2025
Reserve Bank President
Philadelphia

Alberto G. Musalem

2024

Reserve Bank President

St. Louis

Beth M. Hammack

Reserve Bank President

Cleveland

Austan D. Goolsbee

Reserve Bank President

Chicago

b. 1969 · PhD1 dissent

Jeffrey R. Schmid

Reserve Bank President

Kansas City

Lorie Logan

Reserve Bank President

Dallas

b. 1972 · Master's2 dissents

Susan M. Collins

Reserve Bank PresidentDirector (Class B)

Chicago · Boston

John C. Williams

Reserve Bank President

San Francisco · New York

Mary C. Daly

Reserve Bank President

San Francisco

Thomas I. Barkin

Reserve Bank PresidentDirector (Class C)Director (Deputy Chair)Director (Chair)

Atlanta · Richmond

Neel Kashkari

Reserve Bank President

Minneapolis

b. 1973 · Master's6 dissents

Janet L. Yellen

ChairVice ChairGovernorReserve Bank President

Board of Governors · San Francisco

Paul A. Volcker

ChairGovernorReserve Bank President

New York · Board of Governors

b. 1927 · Master's4 dissents

Raphael Bostic

Reserve Bank President

Atlanta

Patrick T. Harker

Reserve Bank PresidentDirector (Class B)

Philadelphia

Loretta Mester

Reserve Bank President

Cleveland

b. 1958 · PhD3 dissents

Charles L. Evans

Reserve Bank President

Chicago

b. 1958 · PhD3 dissents

Esther L. George

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Kansas City

b. 1958 · Master's16 dissents

James Bullard

Reserve Bank President

St. Louis

b. 1961 · PhD4 dissents

Eric S. Rosengren

Reserve Bank President

Boston

b. 1957 · PhD6 dissents

Robert Steven Kaplan

Reserve Bank President

Dallas

b. 1957 · Master's1 dissent

William C. Dudley

Reserve Bank President

New York

Dennis P. Lockhart

Reserve Bank President

Atlanta

b. 1947 · Master's

Jeffrey M. Lacker

Reserve Bank President

Richmond

b. 1955 · PhD15 dissents

Charles I. Plosser

Reserve Bank President

Philadelphia

b. 1948 · PhD7 dissents

Narayana Kocherlakota

Reserve Bank President

Minneapolis

b. 1963 · PhD5 dissents

Richard W. Fisher

Reserve Bank President

Dallas

b. 1949 · Master's9 dissents

Sandra Pianalto

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Cleveland

b. 1954 · Master's

Thomas M. Hoenig

Reserve Bank President

Kansas City

b. 1946 · PhD12 dissents

Gary H. Stern

Reserve Bank President

Minneapolis

b. 1944 · PhD3 dissents

Timothy F. Geithner

Reserve Bank President

New York

b. 1961 · Master's

William Poole

Reserve Bank President

St. Louis

b. 1937 · PhD3 dissents

Cathy E. Minehan

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Boston

b. 1947 · Master's

Michael H. Moskow

Reserve Bank President

Chicago

b. 1938 · Master's

Anthony M. Santomero

Reserve Bank President

Philadelphia

Jack Guynn

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Atlanta

b. 1943 · Master's

J. Alfred Broaddus Jr.

Reserve Bank President

Richmond

b. 1939 · PhD6 dissents

Robert D. Mcteer Jr.

Reserve Bank President

Dallas

b. 1942 · PhD3 dissents

Robert T. Parry

Reserve Bank President

San Francisco

b. 1939 · PhD3 dissents

Jerry L Jordan

Reserve Bank President

Cleveland

b. 1941 · PhD8 dissents

William J. Mcdonough

Reserve Bank President

New York

b. 1934 · Master's

Edward G. Boehne

Reserve Bank President

Philadelphia

b. 1941 · PhD1 dissent

Thomas C. Melzer

Reserve Bank President

St. Louis

· Master's9 dissents

Robert P. Forrestal

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Atlanta

Richard F. Syron

Reserve Bank President

Boston

Silas Keehn

Reserve Bank President

Chicago

b. 1930 · Master's

E. Gerald Corrigan

Reserve Bank President

New York · Minneapolis

Robert P. Black

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Richmond

b. 1927 · PhD12 dissents

J. Roger Guffey

Reserve Bank President

Kansas City

b. 1929 · JD5 dissents

Robert H. Boykin

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Dallas

b. 1926 · JD5 dissents

W. Lee Hoskins

Reserve Bank President

Cleveland

b. 1941 · PhD7 dissents

Frank E. Morris

Reserve Bank President

Boston

b. 1923 · PhD9 dissents

Karen N. Horn

Reserve Bank President

Cleveland

b. 1944 · PhD1 dissent

John J. Balles

Reserve Bank President

San Francisco

b. 1921 · Master's4 dissents

Anthony M. Solomon

Reserve Bank President

New York

b. 1919 · Master's4 dissents

Theodore H. Roberts

Reserve Bank President

St. Louis

b. 1927 · Bachelor's

Lawrence K. Roos

Reserve Bank President

St. Louis

b. 1918 · Bachelor's6 dissents

William F. Ford

Reserve Bank President

Atlanta

· PhD5 dissents

Willis J. Winn

Reserve Bank PresidentDirector (Class C)Director (Deputy Chair)Director (Chair)

Philadelphia · Cleveland

b. 1917 · PhD5 dissents

David P. Eastburn

Reserve Bank President

Philadelphia

b. 1921 · PhD3 dissents

Robert P. Mayo

Reserve Bank President

Chicago

b. 1916 · Master's

Ernest T. Baughman

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Chicago · Dallas

b. 1915 · Master's1 dissent

Mark H. Willes

Reserve Bank President

Minneapolis

b. 1941 · PhD7 dissents

Monroe Kimbrel

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice PresidentDirector (Class A)

Atlanta

b. 1916 · Bachelor's5 dissents

Philip E. Coldwell

GovernorReserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Dallas · Board of Governors

b. 1922 · PhD11 dissents

Bruce K. Maclaury

Reserve Bank President

Minneapolis

b. 1931 · Master's1 dissent

Darryl R. Francis

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

St. Louis

b. 1912 · Bachelor's14 dissents

George H. Clay

Reserve Bank President

Kansas City

b. 1911 · JD4 dissents

Alfred Hayes

Reserve Bank President

New York

b. 1910 · Master's26 dissents

Aubrey N. Heflin

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Richmond

Eliot J. Swan

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

San Francisco

b. 1911 · None/unknown1 dissent

Hugh D. Galusha Jr.

Reserve Bank PresidentDirector (Class B)

Minneapolis

b. 1919 · Bachelor's

Charles J. Scanlon

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Chicago

b. 1922 · None/unknown4 dissents

Karl R. Bopp

Reserve Bank President

Philadelphia

b. 1906 · PhD3 dissents

W. Braddock Hickman

Reserve Bank President

Cleveland

b. 1911 · PhD4 dissents

Edward A. Wayne

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice PresidentDivision Director

Board of Governors · Richmond

b. 1903 · None/unknown1 dissent

George H. Ellis

Reserve Bank President

Boston

b. 1920 · PhD3 dissents

Harold T. Patterson

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Atlanta

b. 1903 · Master's

Watrous H. Irons

Reserve Bank President

Dallas

b. 1903 · PhD2 dissents

Harry A. Shuford

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Dallas · St. Louis

Frederick L. Deming

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

St. Louis · Minneapolis

b. 1912 · PhD1 dissent

Malcolm H. Bryan

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Atlanta

b. 1902 · Master's1 dissent

Wilbur D. Fulton

Reserve Bank President

Cleveland

b. 1898 · None/unknown

Delos C. Johns

Reserve Bank President

St. Louis

Carl E. Allen

Reserve Bank President

Chicago

· Bachelor's1 dissent

H. Gavin Leedy

Reserve Bank President

Kansas City

b. 1892 · None/unknown

Hermann N. Mangels

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

San Francisco

b. 1897 · None/unknown

Hugh Leach

Reserve Bank President

Richmond

b. 1894 · Bachelor's

Joseph A. Erickson

Reserve Bank President

Boston

b. 1896 · Master's

Alfred H. Williams

Reserve Bank PresidentDirector (Deputy Chair)

Philadelphia

Oliver S. Powell

GovernorReserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Minneapolis · Board of Governors

b. 1896 · Bachelor's

Allan Sproul

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

New York

b. 1896 · Bachelor's

C. E. Earhart

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

San Francisco

b. 1890 · None/unknown

Clifford S. Young

Reserve Bank President

Chicago

· None/unknown

Ray M. Gidney

Reserve Bank President

Cleveland

b. 1887 · Bachelor's

Robert R. Gilbert

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Dallas

b. 1888 · None/unknown

John N. Peyton

Reserve Bank PresidentDirector (Chair)

Minneapolis

Chester C. Davis

GovernorReserve Bank President

St. Louis · Board of Governors

b. 1887 · Bachelor's

William S. Mclarin Jr.

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Atlanta

b. 1889 · None/unknown

Laurence F. Whittemore

Reserve Bank PresidentDirector (Class B)

Boston

b. 1894 · None/unknown

Ira Clerk

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

San Francisco

Ralph E. Flanders

Reserve Bank PresidentDirector (Class B)

Boston

b. 1880 · None/unknown

William A. Day

Reserve Bank President

San Francisco

b. 1876 · None/unknown

Matthew J. Fleming

Reserve Bank President

Cleveland

b. 1879 · None/unknown

William W. Paddock

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice PresidentDivision Director

Board of Governors · Boston

b. 1879 · Bachelor's

Roy A. Young

GovernorReserve Bank PresidentGovernor of the Federal Reserve Board (1914–36)Reserve Bank Governor (pre-1936)

Boston · Board of Governors · Minneapolis

b. 1882 · None/unknown

George H. Hamilton

Reserve Bank President

Kansas City

b. 1875 · None/unknown

George J. Schaller

Reserve Bank PresidentDirector (Class A)

Chicago

b. 1874 · None/unknown

John S. Sinclair

Reserve Bank President

Philadelphia

b. 1897 · None/unknown

Robert S. Parker

Reserve Bank PresidentFirst Vice President

Atlanta

b. 1884 · None/unknown

William Mcchesney Martin Sr.

Reserve Bank President

St. Louis

b. 1874 · None/unknown

George L. Harrison

Reserve Bank PresidentDivision Director

Board of Governors · New York

b. 1887 · None/unknown

Buckner A. McKinney

Reserve Bank PresidentDirector (Class A)Reserve Bank Governor (pre-1936)

Dallas

b. 1872 · None/unknown

Oscar W. Newton

Reserve Bank PresidentDirector (Class A)Director (Chair)

Atlanta

b. 1877 · None/unknown

William B. Geery

Reserve Bank PresidentDirector (Chair)

Minneapolis

b. 1867 · None/unknown