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Raphael Bostic · Armchair FedWatcher · Kaleb Nygaard

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Federal Reserve System · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons

Raphael Bostic

2017–2026

Reserve Bank PresidentWikipedia

Born

1966

Meetings at the table

72

72/72 (0 absent)

Geography

president at Atlanta (6) · where the Board comes from

In their time

Meetings by Chair

Policy rate

0.75–1% → 3.5–3.75%

+275 bp · Jun 2017 – Feb 2026

Seats held

Reserve Bank PresidentAtlanta2017–2026
Jun 5, 2017 – Feb 28, 2026

Before the Fed

Professor · University of Southern California

Education

Bachelor's, Economics/Psychology — Harvard University (1987)
PhD, Economics — Stanford University (1995)

Terminal: PhD · economics

Served alongside (495)

Chairs · 2

Janet L. Yellen2017–2018
Jerome H. Powell2017–2026

Governors · 11

Christopher J. Waller2020–2026
Adriana D. Kugler2023–2025
Lael Brainard2017–2023
Lisa D. Cook2022–2026
Michael S. Barr2022–2026
Michelle W. Bowman2018–2026
Philip N. Jefferson

Rate moves

17 hikes · 11 cuts

45 holds at their meetings

Dissents witnessed

29

at 18 of 72 meetings

Unanimous

75%

54 of 72 meetings

Recessions

1

2020

US presidents

2

Trump · Biden

2022–2026

Randal K. Quarles2017–2021

Richard H. Clarida2018–2022

Stanley Fischer2017–2017

Stephen I. Miran2025–2026

Reserve Bank presidents · 20

Lorie Logan2022–2026
Anna Paulson2025–2026
Alberto G. Musalem2024–2026
Austan D. Goolsbee2023–2026
Beth M. Hammack2024–2026
Charles L. Evans2017–2023
Cheryl Venable2024–2026
Eric S. Rosengren2017–2021
Esther L. George2017–2023
James Bullard2017–2023
Jeffrey R. Schmid2023–2026
John C. Williams2017–2026
Loretta Mester2017–2024
Mary C. Daly2018–2026
Neel Kashkari2017–2026
Patrick T. Harker2017–2025
Robert Steven Kaplan2017–2021
Susan M. Collins2017–2026
Thomas I. Barkin2018–2026
William C. Dudley2017–2018

Staff · 165

Trevor A. Reeve2020–2021
Mark E. Van Der Weide2017–2021
Michelle A. Smith2017–2026
Andreas Lehnert2017–2026
Beth Anne Wilson2020–2021
Matthew M. Luecke2017–2026
William Wascher2017–2026
Stacey Tevlin2019–2021
James A. Clouse2017–2025
Joseph W. Gruber2017–2026
Ann Misback2017–2021
Joshua Gallin2017–2026
Rochelle M. Edge2017–2024
Michael T. Kiley2017–2026
Jeffrey D. Walker2018–2026
Shaghil Ahmed2017–2026
Michael S. Gibson2017–2021
Penelope A. Beattie2017–2024
Kurt F. Lewis2018–2026
Brian M. Doyle2018–2025
Jane E. Ihrig2017–2026
Kartik B. Athreya2017–2026
Brian J. Bonis2019–2026
Matthew J. Eichner2017–2021
Edward M. Nelson2017–2025
Jon W. Faust2018–2024
Linda Robertson2017–2023
Glenn Follette2017–2026
Laura Lipscomb2018–2026
David Altig2017–2025
Michael Held2017–2022
Antulio N. Bomfim2017–2022
David López-Salido2017–2025
Eric M. Engen2017–2025
David E. Lebow2017–2025
Michele Cavallo2018–2026
Patricia Zobel2018–2023
David H. Small2017–2022
Christopher J. Gust2017–2026
Mark L.J. Wright2017–2022
Valerie Hinojosa2018–2026
Ellen E. Meade2017–2021
Paul R. Wood2019–2025
Rebecca Zarutskie2017–2025
Julie Ann Remache2018–2026
Randall A. Williams2017–2026
Zeynep Senyuz2018–2026
Andrea Raffo2019–2026
Jose Acosta2020–2026
Stephanie E. Curcuru2019–2026
Ellis W. Tallman2017–2023
Eric Engstrom2017–2025
Sylvain Leduc2018–2026
Carlos Garriga2018–2026
Wendy Dunn2019–2026
Min Wei2017–2026
Roc Armenter2017–2025
Michael Dotsey2017–2022
Thomas Laubach2018–2019
Andrew Figura2018–2025
Burcu Duygan-Bump2017–2026
Daniel M. Covitz2017–2025
Michael Strine2017–2019
Richard Ostrander2022–2026
John M. Roberts2017–2020
Jonathan L. Willis2017–2025
Alyssa Arute2021–2026
David W. Skidmore2017–2020
Roberto Perli2023–2026
Annette Vissing-Jørgensen2021–2026
Chiara Scotti2020–2024
Don Kim2017–2025
Jennifer Gallagher2021–2026
Mark A. Carlson2018–2025
Norman J. Morin2017–2025
Steven B. Kamin2017–2019
John J. Stevens2017–2025
William F. Bassett2018–2025
Jeremy B. Rudd2017–2022
Marnie Gillis DeBoer2018–2026
Nitish R. Sinha2021–2023
Clara Vega2022–2025
David H. Bowman2017–2025
Edward S. Knotek II2018–2026
Etienne Gagnon2018–2025
Michelle M. Neal2022–2024
Spencer Krane2017–2026
Giovanni Olivei2018–2026
Michael G. Palumbo2017–2025
Robert J. Tetlow2017–2025
Samuel Schulhofer-Wohl2018–2025
Simon Potter2017–2019
Achilles Sangster II2017–2026
Eugenio P. Pinto2024–2026
Marc Giannoni2017–2022
Paul Lengermann2019–2026
Elizabeth Klee2017–2026
Paolo A. Pesenti2017–2025
Paula Tkac2018–2026
Sally Davies2020–2022
Stephanie Aaronson2017–2026
Dan Li2018–2025
Karel Mertens2018–2026
Thomas A. Connors2017–2019
Benjamin W. McDonough2024–2026
Egon Zakrajšek2023–2025
Jonathan P. McCarthy2017–2025
Sushmita Shukla2023–2026
Anna Kovner2020–2026
Anna Nordstrom2019–2026
Benjamin K. Johannsen2018–2025
David W. Wilcox2017–2018
Odelle Quisumbing2024–2026
Jennifer Burns2017–2025
Nathaniel Wuerffel2018–2022
Alyssa G. Anderson2018–2024
Beverly Hirtle2017–2023
Erin E. Ferris2020–2026
Giovanni Favara2017–2025
Jeffrey Fuhrer2017–2020
Jonathan E. Goldberg2017–2025
Juan C. Climent2023–2025
Kathryn B. Chen2017–2025
Kenneth C. Montgomery2017–2024
Matteo Iacoviello2019–2025
Matthew D. Raskin2018–2022
Meredith N. Black2017–2021
Alessandro Barbarino2024–2026
Byron Lutz2021–2025
Dana L. Burnett2017–2020
Elizabeth Kiser2017–2025
Evan F. Koenig2017–2019
Geoffrey Tootell2017–2022
Ivan Vidangos2019–2020
Naureen Hassan2021–2022
Andre Anderson2018–2024
Andreas W. Lenhert2017–2021
Becky C. Bareford2018–2026
David A. Sapenaro2017–2019
Donald V. Hammond2017–2018
Ellen J. Bromagen2017–2026
Eric S. Belsky2017–2021
François G. Henriquez II2024–2026
Gregory Stefani2017–2022
Heinrich T. Laubach2017–2017
Helen Mucciolo2020–2021
James D. Narron2017–2023
Jeanne R. Rentezelas2023–2026
Karen A. Pennell2024–2026
Kathy O. Paese2020–2024
Kelly J. Dubbert2017–2024
Kim Robbins2024–2026
Marie C. Gooding2017–2017
Mark A. Gould2017–2021
Mark Bialek2017–2021
Mark S. Meder2022–2026
Michell C. Clark2017–2018
Patrick J. McClanahan2019–2020
Ricardo Aguilera2018–2021
Robert L. Triplett III2021–2026
Ron Feldman2017–2026
Sarah Devany2021–2026
Sharon L. Mowry2017–2021
William L. Mitchell2017–2017
Winona Varnon2019–2021

Reserve Bank directors · 297

Abel L. Iglesias2022–2023
Abram A. Tubbs2017–2019
Adam Currie2026–2026
Adena Friedman2019–2025
Alex Williams2023–2025
Alexander R. Mehran2017–2018
Alice K. Houston2017–2021
Alice P. Frazier2023–2026
Allan James "Jimmy" Rasmussen2017–2018
Amy G. Brady2020–2022
Ana G. Rodriguez2021–2022
Ana M. Menendez2026–2026
Andrea Walsh2026–2026
Angel Cabrera2017–2019
Ann B. Stern2017–2018
Anne R. Pramaggiore2017–2019
Anthony Ibarguen2018–2025
Arthur F. Oppenheimer2019–2024
Arvind Krishna2022–2026
Barbara Humpton2024–2026
Barry M. Meyer2017–2020
Bernie Sinner2026–2026
Betty Francisco2026–2026
Brenda K. Foster2020–2025
Brent A. Stewart, Sr.2017–2020
Bret S. Perkins2022–2026
Brian McNeill2017–2019
Brian W. Jones2026–2026
Bruce Van Saun2019–2022
C. Mitchell Waycaster2020–2025
Calvin G. Butler, Jr.2017–2017
Carmen Tapio2024–2025
Carol J. Johnson2017–2018
Carolyn Chism Hardy2020–2025
Caryn Seidman Becker2026–2026
Cassandra R. Savage2021–2021
Catherine A. Meloy2017–2021
Catherine T. Kelly2017–2019
Chandler Howard2018–2021
Charles H. Brown2017–2020
Charles Phillips2018–2019
Chelsie Glaubitz Gabiou2023–2026
Christina Hull Paxson2017–2022
Christine Hamilton2017–2018
Christopher C. Doyle2017–2020
Christopher D. Maher2020–2023
Christopher J. Murphy, III2019–2024
Christopher M. Hilger2020–2025
Cindy Ramos-Davidson2022–2022
Claire Lewis Arnold2019–2024
Claire W. Tucker2019–2021
Clark Lauritzen2026–2026
Claude E. Davis2017–2018
Claudia Aguirre2019–2026
Clint E. Stein2024–2026
Corey Thomas2021–2026
Curtis J. Myers2026–2026
Curtis V. Anastasio2017–2019
Cynthia N. Day2023–2026
Cynthia Taylor2020–2025
D. Bryan Jordan2017–2019
D. Neil Dauby2026–2026
Daniel J. Ludeman2017–2018
Darrell McNair2023–2026
David C. Habiger2020–2026
David Campbell2026–2026
David M. Cote2017–2017
David Megenhardt2017–2022
David P. White2019–2024
David R. Emery2018–2022
David R. Hunsicker2017–2018
David W. Nelms2017–2019
Dawne S. Hickton2017–2020
Dean J. Miller2018–2023
Deborah Harmon2026–2026
Denise Scott2017–2022
Doris Carson Williams2018–2023
Douglas J. Stussi2017–2022
Douglas L. Kennedy2020–2025
Dwight Eric Smith2017–2022
E. Scott Santi2017–2021
Eddie L. Steiner2019–2024
Edmond Johnson2019–2022
Edward J. Graham2017–2017
Elizabeth A. Smith2017–2022
Elizabeth G. McCoy2018–2023
Ellen Ochoa2017–2017
Emily K. Rafferty2017–2017
Eric Kutcher2026–2026
Eugene A. Woods2019–2022
Fred Hargett2026–2026
G. Janelle Frost2026–2026
Gary C. Kelly2024–2026
Gary L. Gottlieb2017–2018
George S. Barrett2017–2018
Gerald B. Smith2018–2023
Gerald H. Jacobson2021–2026
Gerald H. Lipkin2017–2019
Gerard R. Host2017–2018
Glenn H. Hutchins2017–2020
Greg Becker2019–2022
Greg Brown2017–2018
Greg L. Armstrong2017–2021
Gregory A. Haile2021–2026
Gregory A. Heckman2024–2026
Gregory Hohl2017–2022
Halsey M. Cook2023–2026
Harry D. Melander2017–2021
Harry J. Brooks2026–2026
Heather Miller2026–2026
Heidi L. Gartland2021–2025
Helene D. Gayle2019–2022
Helga Houston2023–2026
Holly B. Wiedemann2023–2026
Hunter L. Hunt2026–2026
J. Russell Shannon2017–2019
Jack L. Sinclair2026–2026
Jacqueline Gamblin2022–2026
James C. Farrell2017–2020
James H. Nicholson2024–2026
James H. Sills, III2020–2024
James K. Hill2024–2026
James M. McKelvey, Jr.2017–2023
James O. Etheredge2023–2026
James P. Gorman2017–2021
Jandel Allen-Davis2024–2025
Jandel Allen-Davis, MD2023–2026
Jay Debertin2024–2026
Jeanne A. Hulit2021–2025
Jeanne H. Crain2019–2024
Jeff Harmening2026–2026
Jennifer F. Scanlon2022–2026
Jennifer LaClair2021–2026
Jodie McLean2020–2025
Joe Quiroga2020–2025
John Fry2020–2025
John H. Buhrmaster2024–2026
John J. Coyne, III2026–2026
John N. Roberts III2017–2020
John P. Surma2017–2017
John W. Garratt2022–2023
Jon Evans2017–2020
Jonas Prising2026–2026
Jonathan T.M. Reckford2017–2020
Jorge A. Bermudez2017–2017
Jorge Ramirez2017–2019
Joseph L. Hooley2017–2018
Joseph Preston2026–2026
Josephine Moran2026–2026
Juan Salgado2022–2026
Julia H. Klein2019–2024
Karen Kimbrough2024–2025
Karen Lee2021–2023
Kathleen Elizabeth Walsh2017–2020
Kathleen M. Mazzarella2017–2019
Kathleen Neset2017–2020
Kathy J. Warden2017–2020
Kelly A. Barclay2019–2024
Kendall J. Powell2017–2019
Kendall Rieman2026–2026
Kessel D. Stelling, Jr.2019–2022
Kimberly Sherman Stamler2019–2025
Kisha Hortman Hawthorne2026–2026
Krista Holmes Snelling2026–2026
Kristin Pruitt2026–2026
Kyle Heckman2019–2024
Lakota Vogel2023–2026
Lal Karsanbhai2022–2026
Laura Clark2026–2026
Laura Lee Stewart2024–2026
Lauren A. Smith2021–2024
Lilly Marks2017–2020
Linda Jojo2020–2025
Linda P. Hubbard2023–2026
Lisa M. Hamilton2021–2025
Lisa M. Lawson2025–2026
Lizanne Kindler2020–2026
Madeline Bell2018–2022
Mardie R. Herndon Jr.2024–2026
Margaret G. Lewis2017–2019
Maria Griego-Raby2021–2023
Mario Cordero2022–2025
Maritza Diaz2024–2026
Mark A. Zaback2017–2018
Mary A. Laschinger2017–2021
Mary E. Kipp2018–2019
Matthew K. Rose2017–2018
Maurice Smith2023–2026
MayKao Y. Hang2017–2017
Megan F. Clubb2017–2017
Michael DiPiano2026–2026
Michael E. Longo2024–2026
Michael E. Tucker2017–2020
Michael J. Angelakis2017–2017
Michael J. Gilfeather2026–2026
Michael J. Jackson2017–2018
Michael O'Grady2020–2026
Michael Russell2019–2024
Michael Ugwueke2022–2026
Michael Vail2026–2026
Misty Borrowman2022–2026
Myron A. Gray2017–2021
Navin Dimond2026–2026
Nazzic Keene2022–2022
Nelda J. Connors2017–2017
New York2020–2020
Nicole B. Thomas2022–2026
Nina Leigh Krueger2026–2026
Niraj Shah2017–2019
O.B. Grayson Hall, Jr.2017–2018
Pallavi Mehta Wahi2025–2026
Pascal Desroches2024–2026
Pat Wang2023–2026
Patricia A. White2026–2026
Patricia Hasson2017–2021
Patricia J. Minard2018–2023
Patricia L. Clarke2017–2021
Patrick A. Dujakovich2020–2025
Paul D. Williams2021–2026
Paul J. Thompson2017–2017
Paul Maass2023–2026
Paul P. Mello2017–2020
Penelope Pennington2020–2025
Peter L. Judkins2017–2017
Peter Ruggiero2026–2026
Peter S. Ho2017–2018
Philip L. Clay2017–2018
Phillip L. Clay2019–2020
Phoebe A. Haddon2017–2020
R. Andrew Clyde2021–2025
Rajinder P. Singh2023–2026
Rajiv J. Shah2024–2025
Rajiv J. Shah, MD2026–2026
Ramin Cherafat2023–2026
Ramona Hood2024–2026
Randall E. Black2021–2026
Randy L. Newman2017–2018
Renard U. Johnson2019–2023
René F. Jones2022–2026
Richard Galanti2017–2017
Richard J. Kramer2024–2026
Richard M. Sanborn2020–2020
Robert A. Hulsey2021–2026
Robert M. Blue2021–2026
Robert R. Hill2017–2020
Robert W. Dumas2017–2022
Roger S. Berkowitz2017–2018
Roger W. Crandall2019–2025
Ronald P. O'Hanley2023–2026
Rosa M. Gil2018–2023
Rose M. Washington2017–2019
Rosemary Turner2017–2021
Ruben Alonso III2021–2026
Russell A. Childs2024–2026
Ruth J. Simmons2026–2026
S. Randolph Compton2018–2023
Sanford L. Michelman2017–2022
Sara Horowitz2017–2018
Sarah Walsh2019–2024
Scott Rechler2021–2026
Scott Werry2024–2026
Sharmain Matlock-Turner2021–2026
Simone Lagomarsino2022–2023
Srilata Zaheer2017–2023
Stephen D. Steinour2017–2019
Steve Maestas2017–2018
Steven E. Bochner2017–2018
Steven R. Gardner2017–2019
Surendralal Karsanbhai2025–2025
Susan Chapman Plumb2024–2026
Susan K. Still2017–2019
Susan S. Stephenson2017–2017
Susan Whitson2020–2025
Sushil K. Tuli2022–2026
Suzanne Sitherwood2017–2021
Tamara L. Lundgren2018–2023
Terry J. Lundgren2017–2017
Thomas A. Fanning2017–2018
Thomas C. Nelson2017–2020
Thomas J. Falk2019–2025
Thomas J. Murphy2021–2022
Thomas W. Armstrong2017–2020
Tim Sweeney2026–2026
Timothy Snyder2019–2024
Todd A. Mason2017–2017
Valarie L. Sheppard2019–2021
Victor Pierson2026–2026
Vincent Alvarez2019–2024
Wayne A. I. Frederick2020–2020
Wayne A. I. Frederick, MD2020–2023
William A. Loving, Jr.2017–2022
William B. Dunavant, III2026–2026
William Lo2023–2026
William M. Farrow, III2017–2018
William S. Aichele2017–2019
William Y. Carroll, Jr.2024–2026
Wright L. Lassiter, III2018–2021

Lineage

AtlantaLockhart2007–2017→2017–2026 · 3.2 months vacant before→Venable2026→

Who held each seat