Giorgio Topa

In their time

Meetings by Chair

Powell4Warsh1

Policy rate

2–2.25% → 3.75–4%

+175 bp · Sep 2019 – Sep 2026

Rate moves

1 hike · 1 cut

3 holds at their meetings

Dissents witnessed

4

at 2 of 5 meetings

Unanimous

60%

3 of 5 meetings

Recessions

1

2020

US presidents

2

Trump · Biden

In the room

• Vice President, Federal Reserve Bank of New York2 meetingsSep 17, 2019 – Sep 20, 2019
• Economic Research Advisor, Federal Reserve Bank of New York1 meetingDec 12–13, 2023
• Research Advisor, Federal Reserve Bank of New York1 meetingMar 18–19, 2025
• Department Head, Federal Reserve Bank of New York1 meetingSep 15–16, 2026